McNicol Catherine M, Bavin David, Bearhop Stuart, Bridges Josie, Croose Elizabeth, Gill Robin, Goodwin Cecily E D, Lewis John, MacPherson Jenny, Padfield Daniel, Schofield Henry, Silk Matthew J, Tomlinson Alexandra J, McDonald Robbie A
Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK.
Vincent Wildlife Trust Eastnor Ledbury UK.
Ecol Evol. 2020 May 14;10(11):5106-5118. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6265. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Monitoring postrelease establishment and movement of animals is important in evaluating conservation translocations. We translocated 39 wild pine martens (19 females, 20 males) from Scotland to Wales. We released them into forested areas with no conspecifics in 2015, followed by a second release in 2016, alongside the previously released animals. We used radio-tracking to describe postrelease movement and habitat selection. Six martens (15%) were not re-encountered during the tracking period, of which four undertook long-distance dispersal. For the remaining individuals, we characterized two phases of movement, "exploration" followed by "settlement," that differed between releases. In the first release, martens remained in exploration phase for a mean of 14.5 days ( = 3.9 days) and settled at a mean distance of 8.7 km ( = 1.8 km) from release sites, whereas martens released in year two, alongside resident conspecifics, traveled away from release sites at a faster rate, settling sooner, at a mean of 6.6 days ( = 1.8 days), but further, at a mean distance of 14.0 km ( = 1.7 km) from release sites. Animals released in year one did not exhibit habitat preferences overall but within forests they favored recently felled areas, whereas animals released in year two showed strong selection for forested habitat but did not discriminate between forest types. The presence of conspecifics appeared influential for settlement and site fidelity of translocated martens and was associated with more rapid but more distant dispersal of the later cohort. Releases of animals in close proximity appeared to promote site fidelity and rapid establishment of ranges in the recipient environment.
监测放归后动物的定居和活动情况对于评估保护迁移至关重要。我们将39只野生松貂（19只雌性，20只雄性）从苏格兰迁移到威尔士。2015年，我们将它们放归到没有同种动物的森林地区，2016年进行了第二次放归，与之前放归的动物一起。我们使用无线电追踪来描述放归后的活动和栖息地选择。在追踪期间，有6只貂（15%）未被再次发现，其中4只进行了长距离扩散。对于其余个体，我们描述了两个活动阶段，即“探索”阶段之后的“定居”阶段，这两个阶段在不同批次的放归中有所不同。在第一次放归中，貂平均在探索阶段停留14.5天（标准差 = 3.9天），并在距离放归地点平均8.7公里（标准差 = 1.8公里）处定居，而在第二年放归的貂，与已定居的同种动物一起，以更快的速度离开放归地点，更早定居，平均为6.6天（标准差 = 1.8天），但距离更远，在距离放归地点平均14.0公里（标准差 = 1.7公里）处定居。第一年放归的动物总体上没有表现出栖息地偏好，但在森林中它们更喜欢最近砍伐的区域，而第二年放归的动物对森林栖息地有强烈的选择，但对森林类型没有区分。同种动物的存在似乎对迁移貂的定居和地点忠诚度有影响，并且与后一批次更快但更远距离的扩散有关。近距离放归动物似乎促进了在接受环境中的地点忠诚度和范围的快速建立。
