McLoughlin Philip D, Case Ray L, Gau Robert J, Cluff Dean H, Mulders Robert, Messier François
Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada.
Department of Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, No. 600, 5102-50 Avenue, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 3S8, Canada.
Oecologia. 2002 Jun;132(1):102-108. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-0941-5. Epub 2002 Jun 1.
Using resource selection functions, we examined habitat selection patterns of barren-ground grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the central Canadian Arctic among and within home ranges. There was no difference between the sexes with regard to habitat selection patterns at the home range level (Wilks' λ, approx. F =1.27, P=0.37). Bear home ranges contain more esker habitat, tussock/hummock successional tundra, lichen veneer, birch seep, and tall shrub riparian areas relative to the proportional availability of habitats in the study area. We observed differences in habitat selection within home ranges among levels of sex/reproductive status (Wilks' λ, approx. F =3.32, P<0.001) and by season (Wilks' λ, approx. F =2.71, P<0.001). Eskers and tall shrub riparian zones were the habitats most preferred by bears throughout the year. Tussock/hummock successional tundra was also favored by males at varying times during the year and lichen veneers were favored in spring and autumn by most bears. Females with cubs tended to avoid the highest ranked habitat for males throughout the year. This pattern of habitat selection was not observed for females without accompanying young. Results of this study underline the importance of scale dependence in habitat selection. Failure to view habitat selection as a hierarchical process may result in a narrow and possibly misleading notion of habitat selection patterns.
利用资源选择函数，我们研究了加拿大北极中部荒地灰熊（棕熊）在其家域之间及家域内部的栖息地选择模式。在家域层面，两性在栖息地选择模式上没有差异（威尔克斯λ，近似F = 1.27，P = 0.37）。相对于研究区域内栖息地的比例可得性，熊的家域包含更多的蛇形丘栖息地、草丛/小丘演替苔原、地衣覆盖层、桦树渗流区和高大灌木河岸带区域。我们观察到，在家域内，性别/繁殖状态水平之间（威尔克斯λ，近似F = 3.32，P < 0.001）以及季节之间（威尔克斯λ，近似F = 2.71，P < 0.001）的栖息地选择存在差异。蛇形丘和高大灌木河岸带是熊全年最喜欢的栖息地。草丛/小丘演替苔原在一年中的不同时间也受到雄性的青睐，而地衣覆盖层在春季和秋季受到大多数熊的青睐。带幼崽的雌性全年往往会避开雄性最喜欢的栖息地。没有幼崽陪伴的雌性没有观察到这种栖息地选择模式。本研究结果强调了栖息地选择中尺度依赖性的重要性。未能将栖息地选择视为一个层次化过程可能会导致对栖息地选择模式的理解狭隘且可能产生误导。
