Gillen Joseph, Bridgwater Caleb, Nita-Lazar Aleksandra
Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, MD, USA.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2020 May;17(5):341-354. doi: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1780920. Epub 2020 Jun 21.
Studying immune signaling has been critical for our understanding of immunology, pathogenesis, cancer, and homeostasis. To enhance the breadth of the analysis, high throughput methods have been developed to survey multiple areas simultaneously, including transcriptomics, reporter assays, and ELISAs. While these techniques have been extremely informative, mass-spectrometry-based technologies have been gaining momentum and starting to be widely used in the studies of immune signaling and systems immunology.
We present established proteomic methods that have been used to address immune signaling and discuss the new mass-spectrometry- based techniques of interest to the expanding field of systems immunology. Established and new proteomic methods and their applications discussed here include post-translational modification analysis, protein quantification, secretome analysis, and interactomics. In addition, we present developments in small molecule and metabolite analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, and single cell analysis. Finally, we discuss the role of multi-omic integration in aiding leading edge investigation.
In science, available techniques enhance the breadth and depth of the studies. By incorporating proteomic techniques and their innovative use, it will be possible to expand the current studies and to address novel questions at the forefront of scientific discovery.
研究免疫信号传导对于我们理解免疫学、发病机制、癌症和体内平衡至关重要。为了扩大分析的广度，已开发出高通量方法以同时检测多个领域，包括转录组学、报告基因检测和酶联免疫吸附测定。虽然这些技术提供了极为丰富的信息，但基于质谱的技术正逐渐兴起，并开始广泛应用于免疫信号传导和系统免疫学研究。
我们介绍了用于研究免疫信号传导的成熟蛋白质组学方法，并讨论了系统免疫学不断发展的领域中新兴的基于质谱的技术。本文讨论的成熟和新兴蛋白质组学方法及其应用包括翻译后修饰分析、蛋白质定量、分泌蛋白质组分析和相互作用组学。此外，我们介绍了小分子和代谢物分析、质谱成像和单细胞分析的进展。最后，我们讨论了多组学整合在前沿研究中的作用。
在科学领域，现有技术可提高研究的广度和深度。通过纳入蛋白质组学技术及其创新应用，将有可能扩展当前的研究，并解决科学发现前沿的新问题。
