Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Chemotherapy for Intrathoracic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.

Dissemination of pseudomyxoma peritonei into the thoracic cavity is rare and carries a poor prognosis. Optimal treatment has not been defined. In our institution, patients have received cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy, which demonstrated a good prognosis. A 51-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with right intrathoracic dissemination of pseudomyxoma peritonei. We performed parietal and mediastinal pleurectomy and simple resection of all visible tumors on the diaphragm and visceral pleura, followed by hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy with 20 mg mitomycin at 42°C to 43°C. The patient had no evidence of disease progression in the thoracic cavity 1 year after surgery.