Michael Illert, Department of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany; and Mathias Schmidt, Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany.
Neurology. 2020 Jul 14;95(2):72-76. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009785. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885-1964) is an internationally known Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology. During the time of National Socialism (1933-1945), he worked in the Charite University Hospital Berlin and moved to Kiel University as Head of the Department for Psychiatry and Neurology in 1938. Until the turn of the millennium, Creutzfeldt was considered to be of moral integrity and an opponent of the Nazi regime and its eugenics measures. Publications of the last years came to the conclusion that this depiction does not hold up. They questioned his relations to the ideas and structures of the National Socialist system, his role as a consultant in the National Socialist's forced sterilization program, a possible involvement in the Nazi euthanasia measures, and his position as a psychiatric consultant for the German navy. The article considers 2 aspects concerning the National Socialist racial hygiene in greater detail by using newly found source material. It is shown that Creutzfeldt, although he did not actively resist, was not acting in the interest of the Nazi regime, but rather was trying to save as much patients as possible by changing their diagnoses and prevent them from being killed in the euthanasia program.
汉斯·格哈德·克赖茨菲尔德（1885-1964 年）是一位国际知名的精神病学和神经病学教授。在纳粹时期（1933-1945 年），他在柏林夏里特大学医院工作，并于 1938 年迁至基尔大学担任精神病学和神经病学系主任。直到千禧年之交，克赖茨菲尔德被认为是道德正直的人，是纳粹政权及其优生学措施的反对者。近年来的出版物得出的结论是，这种描述站不住脚。它们质疑他与纳粹体系的思想和结构的关系、他在纳粹强制绝育计划中的顾问角色、他是否可能参与纳粹安乐死措施，以及他作为德国海军精神病学顾问的地位。本文通过使用新发现的资料，更详细地探讨了纳粹种族卫生学的 2 个方面。结果表明，克赖茨菲尔德虽然没有积极反抗，但他并不是为纳粹政权的利益服务，而是试图通过改变诊断来尽可能多地拯救患者，并防止他们在安乐死计划中被杀害。
