Coelho João, Leitão Alexandre
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Jun 17;8(2):312. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020312.
African swine fever (ASF) is, once more, spreading throughout the world. After its recent reintroduction in Georgia, it quickly reached many neighboring countries in Eastern Europe. It was also detected in Asia, infecting China, the world's biggest pig producer, and spreading to many of the surrounding countries. Without any vaccine or effective treatment currently available, new strategies for the control of the disease are mandatory. Its etiological agent, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), has been shown to code for a type II DNA topoisomerase. These are enzymes capable of modulating the topology of DNA molecules, known to be essential in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and constitute targets in antibacterial and anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize most of what is known about this viral enzyme, pP1192R, and discuss about its possible role(s) during infection. Given the essential role of type II topoisomerases in cells, the data so far suggest that pP1192R is likely to be equally essential for the virus and thus a promising target for the elaboration of a replication-defective virus, which could provide the basis for an effective vaccine. Furthermore, the use of inhibitors could be considered to control the spread of the infection during outbreaks and therefore limit the spreading of the disease.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）再次在全球蔓延。近期在格鲁吉亚重新出现后，它迅速传播到东欧的许多邻国。在亚洲也检测到了该疫情，感染了全球最大的生猪生产国中国，并蔓延到许多周边国家。由于目前没有任何疫苗或有效治疗方法，必须制定新的疾病控制策略。其病原体非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）已被证明可编码一种II型DNA拓扑异构酶。这些酶能够调节DNA分子的拓扑结构，已知在单细胞和多细胞生物中至关重要，并且是抗菌和抗癌治疗的靶点。在本综述中，我们总结了关于这种病毒酶pP1192R的大部分已知信息，并讨论了其在感染过程中可能发挥的作用。鉴于II型拓扑异构酶在细胞中的重要作用，目前的数据表明pP1192R对病毒可能同样至关重要，因此是开发复制缺陷型病毒的一个有前景的靶点，这可为有效疫苗提供基础。此外，可以考虑使用抑制剂来控制疫情期间感染的传播，从而限制疾病的蔓延。
