Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, 59000, Lille, France.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Jan;78(1):1-16. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03576-x. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Research into the physiological actions of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has rapidly expanded from its classical role in male sexual differentiation to the regulation of ovarian function, routine clinical use in reproductive health and potential use as a biomarker in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). During the past 10 years, the notion that AMH could act exclusively at gonadal levels has undergone another paradigm shift as several exciting studies reported unforeseen AMH actions throughout the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis. In this review, we will focus on these findings reporting novel AMH actions across the HPG axis and we will discuss their potential impact and significance to better understand human reproductive disorders characterized by either developmental alterations of neuroendocrine circuits regulating fertility and/or alterations of their function in adult life. Finally, we will summarize recent preclinical studies suggesting that elevated levels of AMH may potentially be a contributing factor to the central pathophysiology of PCOS and other reproductive diseases.
抗苗勒氏管激素（AMH）的生理作用研究从其在男性性分化中的经典作用迅速扩展到调节卵巢功能、生殖健康的常规临床应用以及作为多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）诊断的生物标志物的潜在用途。在过去的 10 年中，AMH 仅能在性腺水平发挥作用的观点发生了另一个范式转变，因为几项令人兴奋的研究报告了在整个下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴中意想不到的 AMH 作用。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍这些在 HPG 轴中发现的新的 AMH 作用，并讨论它们对更好地理解以神经内分泌回路调节生育的发育改变和/或其在成年生活中的功能改变为特征的人类生殖障碍的潜在影响和意义。最后，我们将总结最近的临床前研究，表明升高的 AMH 水平可能是 PCOS 和其他生殖疾病的中枢病理生理学的一个促成因素。
