di Clemente Nathalie, Racine Chrystèle, Pierre Alice, Taieb Joëlle
Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.
Endocr Rev. 2021 Nov 16;42(6):753-782. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnab012.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the 1980s. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility, and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
抗苗勒管激素（AMH），也称为苗勒管抑制物质，于20世纪80年代被证实由卵巢合成。本文综述了过去20年中关于颗粒细胞对AMH及其特异性受体AMHR2表达的调控、AMH的作用机制、其在生殖器官中发挥的不同作用、临床应用以及其在影响女性的主要病理状况中的相关研究主要发现。关于调控的研究结果表明，AMH和AMHR2的表达主要受骨形态发生蛋白、促性腺激素和雌激素的调节。现已明确AMH可调节卵泡发生的不同阶段，且具有神经内分泌作用。另一方面，血清AMH作为卵巢储备的可靠标志物以及预测多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和原发性卵巢功能衰竭的有用工具的重要性也已得到认可。最后但同样重要的是，大量证据表明AMH参与了PCOS的发病机制。
