Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East, Irkutsk, Russia.
Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Mar;68(2):427-434. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13692. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
The Republic of Buryatia (RB) is located southeast of Lake Baikal and shares a long border with Mongolia. This region of Russia was rabies-free from 1982 to 2010. The first outbreak of fox rabies in RB was identified in 2011, about 30 km from the Russian-Mongolian border. We assessed the possible pathways to further spread the 'steppe' phylogenetic lineage of the rabies virus near the northeastern limits of its known distribution. All rabies cases were located 30-210 km north of the Russia-Mongolia border, with a distance of up to 320 km from each other. Rabies has spread to the north across steppe landscapes and river valleys, with foxes being the main natural hosts of the infection. All RABV isolates from RB belong to the 'steppe' phylogenetic lineage, and three major phylogenic groups could be separated. Group 1 contains sequences from RB, Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia), and bordering regions of Russia. Group 2 is formed by isolates from other regions of Eastern Siberia, which have no borders with RB and foreign countries. Group 3 contains samples from Western Siberia with endemic fox rabies since the 1950s. The most probable cause of fox rabies epizooty in the RB was multiple drift of the RABV across the Russian-Mongolian border. Our data show that after 2010, fox rabies affected new areas in Central Asia and extended to the north and northeast. Affected areas are similar to the Mongolian-type steppes in their zoogeographical aspect. Closely related genetic lineages of RABV are circulating in RB, Mongolia and the nearest areas of China. International cooperation is necessary to prevent the spread of rabies in the bordering territories of these countries.
布里亚特共和国（RB）位于贝加尔湖东南部，与蒙古国接壤。该地区的俄罗斯自 1982 年至 2010 年一直没有狂犬病。2011 年，在距离俄蒙边境约 30 公里的地方首次发现 RB 狐狸狂犬病疫情。我们评估了在其已知分布的东北边界附近，进一步传播狂犬病病毒“草原”进化枝的可能途径。所有狂犬病病例均位于俄罗斯-蒙古边境以北 30-210 公里处，彼此之间的距离长达 320 公里。狂犬病已向北传播至草原景观和河谷，狐狸是感染的主要自然宿主。来自 RB 的所有 RABV 分离株均属于“草原”进化枝，可分为三个主要的进化枝群。第 1 组包含来自 RB、蒙古、中国（内蒙古）和俄罗斯接壤地区的序列。第 2 组由来自与 RB 无边界和与外国接壤的东西伯利亚其他地区的分离株组成。第 3 组包含来自自 20 世纪 50 年代以来就存在地方性狐狸狂犬病的西西伯利亚的样本。RB 狐狂犬病爆发的最可能原因是 RABV 多次越过俄蒙边境漂移。我们的数据表明，2010 年后，狐狂犬病影响了中亚的新地区，并向北和东北方向延伸。受影响的地区在动物地理方面与蒙古型草原相似。在 RB、蒙古和中国最近的地区，循环着与狂犬病密切相关的 RABV 遗传谱系。这些国家的接壤地区需要开展国际合作，以防止狂犬病的传播。
