Botvinkin A D, Otgonbaatar D, Tsoodol S, Kuzmin I V
Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia.
Dev Biol (Basel). 2008;131:199-205.
Historically, rabies in Mongolia has been connected to the specific steppe and forest-steppe landscapes, known as the Mongolian steppes. The main reservoirs of the rabies virus (RABV) are the wolf, red fox and corsac fox. Fox rabies has been reported in Mongolia since the early 1960s. Eleven human rabies cases (0.4 per million inhabitants) were reported in Mongolia from 1994-2004. Wild animals predominated as a source of human infection: five people died following wolf bites, two were exposed to foxes, and four to dogs. From 1996-2004, 1,273 rabid animals were reported (about 140 per year). Cattle consisted of more than 80% of all reported cases. The Mongolian steppes continue into the Chita region of Russia and the Republics of Buryatia, Tyva and Altai. Four RABV isolates from the western part of Mongolia were sequenced and compared with available isolates from Russia, China and other countries. The isolates from Mongolia belonged to the "steppe" phylogenetic clade, which includes viruses circulating in vast territories, from Southeast Europe to Tyva, West Siberia and Kazakhstan. However, RABV isolates from Mongolian-type steppes in the east (Chita region, Russia) belong to the eastern group of arctic-like viruses.
从历史上看，蒙古的狂犬病与特定的草原和森林草原景观有关，即所谓的蒙古草原。狂犬病病毒（RABV）的主要宿主是狼、赤狐和藏狐。自20世纪60年代初以来，蒙古就报告了狐狸狂犬病病例。1994年至2004年期间，蒙古报告了11例人类狂犬病病例（每百万居民中有0.4例）。野生动物是人类感染的主要来源：5人因狼咬伤死亡，2人接触过狐狸，4人接触过狗。1996年至2004年期间，报告了1273例狂犬病动物（每年约140例）。报告病例中80%以上是牛。蒙古草原一直延伸到俄罗斯的赤塔地区以及布里亚特、图瓦和阿尔泰共和国。对来自蒙古西部的4株RABV分离株进行了测序，并与来自俄罗斯、中国和其他国家的现有分离株进行了比较。来自蒙古的分离株属于“草原”系统发育分支，该分支包括在从东南欧到图瓦、西西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦的广大地区传播的病毒。然而，来自东部（俄罗斯赤塔地区）蒙古型草原的RABV分离株属于北极样病毒的东部组。
