Kase Yoshitaka, Shimazaki Takuya, Okano Hideyuki
Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan.
Inflamm Regen. 2020 Jun 18;40:10. doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00122-x. eCollection 2020.
Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in restricted brain regions in mammals. However, the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate new neurons steadily decreases with age, resulting in a decrease in neurogenesis. Transplantation of mesenchymal cells or cultured NSCs has been studied as a promising treatment in models of several brain injuries including cerebral infarction and cerebral contusion. Considering the problems of host-versus-graft reactions and the tumorigenicity of transplanted cells, the mobilization of endogenous adult NSCs should be more feasible for the treatment of these brain injuries. However, the number of adult NSCs in the adult brain is limited, and their mitotic potential is low. Here, we outline what we know to date about why the number of NSCs and adult neurogenesis decrease with age. We also discuss issues applicable to regenerative medicine.
成年神经发生在哺乳动物一生中的特定脑区持续进行。然而，产生新神经元的神经干细胞数量会随着年龄增长而稳步减少，导致神经发生减少。间充质细胞或培养的神经干细胞移植已在包括脑梗死和脑挫伤在内的几种脑损伤模型中作为一种有前景的治疗方法进行了研究。考虑到宿主对移植物反应以及移植细胞致瘤性的问题，内源性成年神经干细胞的动员对于这些脑损伤的治疗应该更可行。然而，成年大脑中成年神经干细胞的数量有限，且它们的有丝分裂潜能较低。在此，我们概述了目前我们所了解的关于神经干细胞数量和成年神经发生随年龄减少的原因。我们还讨论了适用于再生医学的问题。
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