Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Oct 1;12(10):775-784. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa029.
The obesity epidemic continues to rise as a global health challenge. Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes dissipate chemical energy as heat, providing an opportunity for developing new therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Anatomically, brown adipose tissue is distributed as discrete depots, while beige adipocytes exist within certain depots of white adipose tissue. Developmentally, brown and beige adipocytes arise from multiple embryonic progenitor populations that are distinct and overlapping. Functionally, they respond to a plethora of stimuli to engage uncoupling protein 1-dependent and independent thermogenic programs, thus improving systemic glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the clearance of branched-chain amino acids. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the developmental and functional heterogeneity of thermogenic adipose tissue.
肥胖症作为一项全球性健康挑战，其发病率持续上升。产热棕色和米色脂肪细胞将化学能转化为热能，为开发肥胖症和相关代谢性疾病的新疗法提供了机会。从解剖学上看，棕色脂肪组织呈离散的脂肪组织分布，而米色脂肪细胞存在于某些白色脂肪组织的脂肪组织中。从发育上看，棕色和米色脂肪细胞来源于多个不同且重叠的胚胎前体细胞群。从功能上看，它们对大量刺激做出反应，启动解偶联蛋白 1 依赖和非依赖的产热程序，从而改善全身葡萄糖稳态、脂代谢和支链氨基酸的清除。在这篇综述中，我们强调了对促进产热脂肪组织发育和功能异质性的分子和细胞机制的最新理解进展。
