Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico y Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico y Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2020 Aug;56:109-117. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.012. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression allows plants to rapidly adapt to changes in their environment. Under low nitrogen conditions, legume plants engage into a symbiosis with soil bacteria that results in the formation of root nodules, where bacteria are allocated and fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant's benefit. Recent studies highlighted the importance of small RNA-mediated mechanisms in the control of bacterial infection, nodule organogenesis, and the long-distance signaling that balances plant growth and nodulation. Examples of such mechanisms are shoot-to-root mobile microRNAs and small RNA fragments derived from degradation of bacterial transfer RNAs that repress complementary mRNAs in the host plant. Mechanisms of selective mRNA translation also contribute to rapidly modulate the expression of nodulation genes in a cell-specific manner during symbiosis. Here, the most recent advances made on the regulation of mRNA stability and translatability, and the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in symbiosis are summarized.
基因表达的转录后调控使植物能够快速适应环境变化。在低氮条件下，豆科植物与土壤中的细菌共生，形成根瘤，细菌在根瘤中被分配并固定大气中的氮，以利于植物的生长。最近的研究强调了小 RNA 介导的机制在控制细菌感染、根瘤器官发生和平衡植物生长和结瘤的长距离信号转导中的重要性。这类机制的例子有从细菌转移 RNA 降解产生的、在植物体内抑制互补信使 RNA 的茎到根移动 microRNA 和小 RNA 片段，以及有助于在共生过程中以细胞特异性方式快速调节结瘤基因表达的选择性 mRNA 翻译机制。本文总结了在共生过程中 mRNA 稳定性和翻译性的调控以及长非编码 RNA 新兴作用的最新进展。
