Crecelius Elena M, Burnett Mark W
J Spec Oper Med. 2020 Summer;20(2):136-138. doi: 10.55460/3NFC-341T.
Measles is a significant concern with approximately 10 million people infected annually causing over 100,000 deaths worldwide. In the US before use of the measles vaccine, there were estimated to be 3 to 4 million people infected with measles annually, causing 400 to 500 deaths. Complications of measles include otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia, and acute encephalitis. Measles is a leading cause of blindness in the developing world, especially in those who are vitamin A deficient. Malnourished children with measles are also at higher risk of developing noma (or cancrum oris), a rapidly progressive gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Most deaths due to measles are caused by pneumonia, diarrhea, or neurological complications in young children, severely malnourished or immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. A rare sequela of measles is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
麻疹是一个重大问题，全球每年约有1000万人感染，导致超过10万人死亡。在美国，在麻疹疫苗使用之前，估计每年有300万至400万人感染麻疹，造成400至500人死亡。麻疹的并发症包括中耳炎、腹泻、肺炎和急性脑炎。在发展中世界，麻疹是导致失明的主要原因，尤其是在那些维生素A缺乏的人群中。患麻疹的营养不良儿童也更容易患上走马疳（或称口颊坏疽），这是一种口腔和面部迅速发展的坏疽性感染。大多数麻疹死亡是由幼儿、严重营养不良或免疫功能低下的个体以及孕妇的肺炎、腹泻或神经系统并发症引起的。麻疹的一种罕见后遗症是亚急性硬化性全脑炎。
