Department of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Remote Sensing and GIS Group, Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Oct;27(29):37044-37056. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09774-1. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
In the last few decades, developing countries continued to increase their manufacturing industries' phenomenal growth rate. Due to the emergence of globalization, these developing countries are getting economic growth at the cost of environmental pollution. In this context, the extent of linkages between globalization and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions has been investigated over the time period of 1972-2013 in South Asian countries. The econometric and graphical analyses are found U-shape association between globalization and CO emissions in Nepal, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and an inverted U-shape relationship is observed in Pakistan and Bhutan. Moreover, results have shown that there exists a bi-directional causality between globalization and CO emissions in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. This indicates that globalization is increasing CO emissions and CO emissions impact globalization by economic growth. However, after some threshold level, globalization is responsible for decreasing CO emissions in Pakistan and Bhutan. For the first time, globalization is incorporated in the economic analysis, showing the U-shape and inverted U-shape associations between globalization and CO emissions. This study suggests some strong policy recommendations to consider globalization as cost-effective tool to achieve sustainable economic growth in South Asian countries.
在过去几十年中，发展中国家的制造业继续保持着惊人的增长率。由于全球化的出现，这些发展中国家正在以环境污染为代价实现经济增长。在此背景下，本研究考察了 1972-2013 年期间南亚国家全球化与二氧化碳（CO）排放之间的关联程度。计量经济学和图形分析结果表明，尼泊尔、阿富汗、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡之间存在全球化与 CO 排放之间的 U 型关系，而巴基斯坦和不丹则存在倒 U 型关系。此外，结果表明，巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和尼泊尔之间存在全球化与 CO 排放之间的双向因果关系。这表明全球化正在增加 CO 排放，而 CO 排放则通过经济增长影响全球化。然而，在达到某个门槛水平后，全球化在巴基斯坦和不丹负责减少 CO 排放。本研究首次将全球化纳入经济分析，显示了全球化与 CO 排放之间的 U 型和倒 U 型关系。本研究提出了一些强有力的政策建议，将全球化视为实现南亚国家可持续经济增长的具有成本效益的工具。
