Departmet of Political Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, NUR international University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):26441-26448. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12473-0. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
This research analyzes the impacts of tourism and globalization on CO emissions in South Asian countries. The annual data was converted into quarterly data of 1995Q1-2016Q4. Unit root test with structural breaks confirmed mixed order of integration for sample countries. ARDL test results showed the existence of EKC between tourism and CO emissions in Sri Lanka and Nepal. Globalization lowers the negative effects of tourism on CO emissions in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Globalization can bring innovation in cleaner technologies, which can improve air quality in South Asian countries. Moreover, this research also confirms that GDP and energy use increase CO emissions significantly in South Asia. Therefore, policymakers should consider utilizing renewable energy to improve air quality. Developing countries of South Asia are accelerating their economies by the use of fossil fuels; these countries need to bring renewable energy to the economic sectors for cleaner environment. Apart from the interactional role of globalization in the tourism sector, more attention should also be given to bring strict environmental regulations.
本研究分析了旅游业和全球化对南亚国家二氧化碳排放的影响。将 1995 年第一季度至 2016 年第四季度的年度数据转换为季度数据。带有结构断点的单位根检验证实了样本国家的混合阶数集成。ARDL 检验结果表明，斯里兰卡和尼泊尔的旅游业和二氧化碳排放之间存在 EKC。全球化降低了巴基斯坦、印度、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡旅游业对二氧化碳排放的负面影响。全球化可以带来更清洁技术的创新，从而改善南亚国家的空气质量。此外，本研究还证实，GDP 和能源使用量的增加会显著增加南亚的二氧化碳排放。因此，政策制定者应考虑利用可再生能源来改善空气质量。南亚发展中国家正在通过使用化石燃料来加速其经济发展；这些国家需要将可再生能源引入经济领域，以实现更清洁的环境。除了全球化在旅游业中的互动作用外，还应更加重视制定严格的环境法规。
