Roberts Andrew, Boeckman Chad J, Mühl Marina, Romeis Jörg, Teem John L, Valicente Fernando H, Brown Judith K, Edwards Martin G, Levine Steven L, Melnick Rachel L, Rodrigues Thais B, Vélez Ana M, Zhou Xuguo, Hellmich Richard L
Agriculture and Food Systems Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
Corteva AgriscienceTM, Johnston, IA, United States.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 9;8:556. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00556. eCollection 2020.
Historically, genetically engineered (GE) plants that have incorporated genes conferring insect protection have primarily used Cry proteins derived from () to achieve their insecticidal phenotype. As a result, regulators have developed a level of familiarity and confidence in reviewing plants incorporating these insecticidal proteins. However, new technologies have been developed that produce GE plants that incorporate pest protection by triggering an RNA interference (RNAi) response or proteins other than Cry proteins. These technologies have new modes of action. Although the overall assessment paradigm for GE plants is robust, there are ongoing discussions about the appropriate tests and measurement endpoints needed to inform non-target arthropod assessment for technologies that have a different mode of action than the Cry proteins. As a result, increasing attention is being paid to the use of sublethal endpoints and their value for environmental risk assessment (ERA). This review focuses on the current status and history of sublethal endpoint use in insect-active GE crops, and evaluates the future use of sublethal endpoints for new and emerging technologies. It builds upon presentations made at the Workshop on Sublethal Endpoints for Non-target Organism Testing for Non- GE Crops (Washington DC, USA, 4-5 March 2019), and the discussions of government, academic and industry scientists convened for the purpose of reviewing the progress and status of sublethal endpoint testing in non-target organisms.
从历史上看，已整合赋予昆虫抗性基因的基因工程（GE）植物主要使用源自（）的Cry蛋白来实现其杀虫表型。因此，监管机构在审查含有这些杀虫蛋白的植物时已形成了一定程度的熟悉度和信心。然而，已经开发出了新技术，这些技术所产生的基因工程植物通过触发RNA干扰（RNAi）反应或除Cry蛋白之外的其他蛋白来实现害虫防治。这些技术具有新的作用模式。尽管基因工程植物的总体评估范式是健全的，但对于那些作用模式与Cry蛋白不同的技术，在为非靶标节肢动物评估提供信息所需的适当测试和测量终点方面，仍在进行讨论。因此，人们越来越关注亚致死终点的使用及其在环境风险评估（ERA）中的价值。本综述重点关注在具有昆虫活性的基因工程作物中使用亚致死终点的现状和历史，并评估亚致死终点在新技术和新兴技术中的未来应用。它基于在“非转基因作物非靶标生物测试亚致死终点研讨会”（2019年3月4 - 5日，美国华盛顿特区）上的报告，以及为审查非靶标生物中亚致死终点测试的进展和现状而召集的政府、学术和行业科学家的讨论。
