Molecular Detection of Efflux Pump Genes and their Contribution to Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates.

BACKGROUND

is one of the most important bacteria causing nosocomial infections worldwide. Over the past few years, several strains of have shown antibiotic resistance, which may be due to the activity of efflux pumps. This study was aimed to detect efflux pump genes and their contribution to antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates.

METHODS

A total of 200 clinical isolates were collected from clinical specimens of ulcers, pus, sputum, and blood. All isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests. After identifying and cleaving the genome by boiling, PCR was performed on samples using specific primers. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by disk diffusion, with and without CCCP efflux pump inhibitor were determined according to CLSI guidelines.

RESULTS

We identified 60 clinical isolates of using biochemical differential tests. Identification of all isolates was confirmed by blaOXA-51-like PCR. According to the results of our study, 98.37% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin. PCR results indicated that all 60 isolates contained the AdeF and 76.66% contained .

CONCLUSION

the results of this study demonstrated that most of the isolates contained and efflux pump genes, and more than 98% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin. This reflected the significant contribution of efflux pumps to the development of resistance to these antibiotics.