Ruiz Ana Maria Pita, Lima Margareth Guimarães, Medina Lhais de Paula Barbosa, Pinto Renata Luz, Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo, Filho Antonio de Azevedo Barros
Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2020 May 29;4(6):nzaa091. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa091. eCollection 2020 Jun.
The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025.
We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption.
A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group.
Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors.
Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.
世界卫生组织目前建议每日钠摄入量为2克，并设定了到2025年将平均盐摄入量降低30%的目标。
我们试图根据研究参与者用餐地点以及他们的人口统计学、社会经济特征和与盐消费相关的习惯来估计其钠摄入量。
对2574名年龄≥10岁的个体进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究，这些个体回答了2015年巴西坎皮纳斯营养调查。使用24小时回忆日志估计平均钠摄入量，并使用按年龄组分层的广义回归分析测试与自变量的关联。
男性参与者以及报告在家外就餐≥1次的青少年和成年人的钠摄入量更高（分别增加6.07%和7.06%）。青少年每餐在家外早餐、下午点心和晚餐时摄入的钠更多。在成年人和老年人中，按餐食类型分析未发现显著差异。
在所有分析的年龄组中，钠摄入量均超过了世界卫生组织的建议。在家外就餐≥1次与青少年和成年人更高的钠摄入量相关。规范食品行业的措施以及针对消费者的饮食/营养教育策略对于降低人群钠摄入量很重要。
