Podralska Marta, Ciesielska Sylwia, Kluiver Joost, van den Berg Anke, Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk Agnieszka, Slezak-Prochazka Izabella
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jun 23;12(6):1662. doi: 10.3390/cancers12061662.
Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment that applies high doses of ionizing radiation to induce cell death, mainly by triggering DNA double-strand breaks. The outcome of radiotherapy greatly depends on radiosensitivity of cancer cells, which is determined by multiple proteins and cellular processes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in determining the response to radiation. Non-coding RNAs modulate ionizing radiation response by targeting key signaling pathways, including DNA damage repair, apoptosis, glycolysis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. Additionally, we indicate miRNAs and lncRNAs that upon overexpression or inhibition alter cellular radiosensitivity. Current data indicate the potential of using specific non-coding RNAs as modulators of cellular radiosensitivity to improve outcome of radiotherapy.
放射疗法是一种癌症治疗方法，它通过触发DNA双链断裂，应用高剂量的电离辐射来诱导细胞死亡。放射治疗的效果很大程度上取决于癌细胞的放射敏感性，而这是由多种蛋白质和细胞过程决定的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在确定辐射反应中作用的知识。非编码RNA通过靶向关键信号通路来调节电离辐射反应，这些信号通路包括DNA损伤修复、凋亡、糖酵解、细胞周期停滞和自噬。此外，我们指出了过表达或抑制后会改变细胞放射敏感性的miRNA和lncRNA。目前的数据表明，使用特定的非编码RNA作为细胞放射敏感性调节剂以改善放射治疗效果具有潜力。
