Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2020 Aug;40:39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.017. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Ticks and mosquitoes are medically important vectors that transmit several pathogens, including arboviruses, to humans. Understanding how these blood-feeding arthropods transmit pathogens to humans requires knowledge on the molecular and cellular interplay at vector-host interface. Recent studies have highlighted the role of tick and mosquito small extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, facilitating arbovirus transmission within arthropod cells and from arthropod to mammalian cells. In this review, we summarize this emerging line of investigation in understanding the role of tick and mosquito exosomes in vector-pathogen-host tripartite interactions. Understanding the role of arthropod exosomes in pathogen interactions could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to interfere with the life cycle of several pathogens transmitted by vectors.
蜱虫和蚊子是具有医学重要性的媒介，它们会将包括虫媒病毒在内的几种病原体传播给人类。了解这些吸血节肢动物如何将病原体传播给人类，需要了解在媒介-宿主界面上分子和细胞的相互作用。最近的研究强调了蜱虫和蚊子小型细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体，在节肢动物细胞内以及从节肢动物向哺乳动物细胞中传播虫媒病毒中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这一新兴研究领域，以了解蜱虫和蚊子外泌体在媒介-病原体-宿主三方相互作用中的作用。了解节肢动物外泌体在病原体相互作用中的作用，可能会发现新的治疗靶点，以干扰由媒介传播的几种病原体的生命周期。
