TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Oct 28;261:113043. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113043. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Dietary herbal medicines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases due to their pharmacological activities in China. Juhua (the flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), the most representative flower-derived one, which is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, shows significant activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, and, neuroprotective, as well as effects on the cardiovascular system.
This review aims to provide an overview of the crucial roles of flowers in Chinese dietary herbal medicine, and the pharmaceutical research progress of Juhua (the paradigm of dietary herbal medicine derived from the flower) including its applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and toxicity, along with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology.
The information associated with Chinese dietary herbal medicine, flower-derived medicine, dietary flower, and pharmaceutical research of Juhua, was collected from government reports, classic books of Traditional Chinese medicine, the thesis of doctors of philosophy and maters, and database including Pubmed, Scifinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet; and others.
All flower-originated crude medicines recorded in Chinese pharmacopeia and their applications were summarized for the first time in this paper. The edible history and development of flowers in China, the theory of Chinese dietary herbal medicines, as well as flowers serving as dietary herbal medicines, were discussed. Moreover, applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and safety evaluation of Juhua, together with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology, were summarized in this paper.
The theory of dietary herbal medicines, which are an important part of the Traditional Chinese medicine system, has a history of thousands of years. Many herbal flowers, serving as dietary herbal medicines, contribute significantly to the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases for Chinese people. To better benefit human health, more effective supervision practice for dietary herbal medicines is needed. Although various investigations on Juhua have been done, there is a lack of analytical methods for discrimination of cultivar flowers and identification of authenticity. Research on the major compounds with bioactivities, especially those related to its clinical application or healthcare function, as well as their possible mechanize, need be strengthened. More safety evaluation of Juhua should be carried out. The research limitations Juhua is facing exist in all dietary herbal medicine.
由于其在药理学方面的活性，中草药在防治各种疾病方面得到了广泛的应用。菊花（菊花的头状花序）是最具代表性的花卉之一，主要用于治疗呼吸和心血管疾病，具有显著的活性，如抗菌、抗炎和抗癌，以及神经保护，以及对心血管系统的影响。
本综述旨在概述花卉在中草药中的重要作用，以及菊花（草药来源于花卉的范例）的药物研究进展，包括其在中药和饮食中的应用、品种、植物化学、质量控制、药理学和毒性，以及菊花的育种和生物技术。
从政府报告、中医经典书籍、博士和硕士论文数据库中收集与中草药、花卉药物、食用花卉和菊花药物研究相关的信息，包括 Pubmed、Scifinder、Web of Science、Google Scholar、中国国家知识互联网等。
本文首次总结了中国药典中所有记录的花卉原药及其应用。讨论了中国花卉的食用历史和发展、中草药理论以及花卉作为中草药的应用。此外，本文还总结了菊花在中药和饮食中的应用、品种、植物化学、质量控制、药理学和安全性评价，以及菊花的育种和生物技术。
中草药理论是中医药体系的重要组成部分，已有数千年的历史。许多作为草药的花卉，对中国人预防和治疗各种疾病做出了重大贡献。为了更好地造福人类健康，需要对草药进行更有效的监管实践。虽然对菊花进行了各种研究，但缺乏用于鉴别品种花卉和鉴定真实性的分析方法。需要加强对具有生物活性的主要化合物的研究，特别是与临床应用或保健功能相关的化合物，以及它们可能的机制。需要对菊花进行更多的安全性评估。菊花面临的研究限制存在于所有草药中。
