Postgraduate Course "Science of Stress and Health Promotion", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
Palliat Support Care. 2020 Aug;18(4):394-399. doi: 10.1017/S1478951520000528.
To investigate the effect of the time spent on quarantine on distress, anxiety, depression, and somatization of chronic disease patients during the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece and the differences in these parameters between healthy individuals and chronic disease patients.
The sample consisted of 943 healthy individuals and 163 patients (respiratory, autoimmune, cardiovascular, endocrine, patients with other diseases, and patients with more than one disease) completing sociodemographic assessments as well as the 4-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) during March 30, 2020 to May 3, 2020. Pearson's correlation was used to search for the association between time spent on quarantine and the 4DSQ subscales (distress, anxiety, depression, and somatization). Independent sample T-test and Glass's Δ were used for differences between healthy individuals and chronic disease patients in these subscales, an analysis also carried out between healthy individuals and all patient subgroups.
No statistically significant correlations were noted between the 4DSQ subscales and the quarantine duration, both for the patient and the healthy individuals' group. Chronic disease patients had significantly higher levels of distress (p = 0.001, Δ = 0.28) and somatization (p = 0.000, Δ = 0.47), but not there were no significant differences in anxiety (p = 0.098, Δ = 0.14) and depression (p = 0.052, Δ = 0.19). Concerning head-to-head comparisons between the healthy individuals' group and each patient group, significantly higher scores in distress were found only for patients with respiratory diseases (p = 0.028, Δ = 0.42). Regarding somatization, significantly higher scores were noted for the healthy individuals' group compared with patients with autoimmune diseases (p = 0.010, Δ = 0.62), respiratory diseases (p = 0.027, Δ = 0.42), other diseases (p = 0.003, Δ = 0.55), and more than one disease (p = 0.012, Δ = 0.60). No statistically significant differences were found in anxiety and depression.
The results of this study indicate that interventional programs for chronic disease patients during quarantine should focus on distress and somatization, not on anxiety and depression. Respiratory patients might have more supportive care needs compared with patients with other diseases.
探讨在 COVID-19 隔离期间，希腊慢性疾病患者在隔离期间所花费的时间对其痛苦、焦虑、抑郁和躯体化的影响，以及健康个体和慢性疾病患者之间这些参数的差异。
该样本由 943 名健康个体和 163 名患者（呼吸系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病、内分泌疾病患者、患有其他疾病的患者和患有多种疾病的患者）组成，他们在 2020 年 3 月 30 日至 5 月 3 日期间完成了社会人口评估以及 4 维度症状问卷（4DSQ）。采用 Pearson 相关系数来寻找隔离时间与 4DSQ 子量表（痛苦、焦虑、抑郁和躯体化）之间的关联。采用独立样本 T 检验和 Glass 的 Δ 来比较健康个体和慢性疾病患者在这些子量表上的差异，同时也在健康个体和所有患者亚组之间进行了分析。
对于患者和健康个体组，4DSQ 子量表与隔离时间均无统计学显著相关性。慢性疾病患者的痛苦（p = 0.001，Δ = 0.28）和躯体化（p = 0.000，Δ = 0.47）水平显著较高，但焦虑（p = 0.098，Δ = 0.14）和抑郁（p = 0.052，Δ = 0.19）无显著差异。关于健康个体组与每个患者组之间的直接比较，仅发现呼吸系统疾病患者的痛苦得分显著更高（p = 0.028，Δ = 0.42）。关于躯体化，健康个体组的得分显著高于自身免疫性疾病患者（p = 0.010，Δ = 0.62）、呼吸系统疾病患者（p = 0.027，Δ = 0.42）、其他疾病患者（p = 0.003，Δ = 0.55）和多种疾病患者（p = 0.012，Δ = 0.60）。焦虑和抑郁无统计学显著差异。
本研究结果表明，隔离期间慢性疾病患者的干预计划应侧重于痛苦和躯体化，而不是焦虑和抑郁。与其他疾病患者相比，呼吸系统疾病患者可能需要更多的支持性护理。
