Skagerlund Kenny, Forsblad Mattias, Slovic Paul, Västfjäll Daniel
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, JEDI-Lab, Linköping University, Campus Valla, Linköping, Sweden.
Decision Research, Eugene, OR, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 12;11:970. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00970. eCollection 2020.
The reliance on feelings when judging risks and benefits is one of the most fundamental valuation processes in risk perception. Although previous research suggests that the affect heuristic reliably predicts an inverse correlation between risk and benefit judgments, it has not yet been tested if the affect heuristic is sensitive to elicitation method effects (joint/separate evaluation) and to what extent individual differences in cognitive abilities may mediate the risk-benefit correlation. Across two studies we find that (1) the risk-benefit correlation is stable across different elicitation methods and for different domains (e.g., social domain, sensation-seeking domain, health domain, economic domain) and (2) the strength of the inverse correlation is tied to individual cognitive abilities-primarily cognitive reflection ability.
在判断风险和收益时对情感的依赖是风险认知中最基本的评估过程之一。尽管先前的研究表明情感启发式能可靠地预测风险与收益判断之间的负相关，但情感启发式是否对启发方法效应（联合/单独评估）敏感，以及认知能力的个体差异在多大程度上可能调节风险-收益相关性，尚未得到检验。通过两项研究，我们发现：（1）风险-收益相关性在不同的启发方法和不同领域（如社会领域、寻求刺激领域、健康领域、经济领域）中是稳定的；（2）负相关的强度与个体认知能力相关——主要是认知反思能力。
