Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2020 Jun 15;9:e21. doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.14. eCollection 2020.
Apart from its role as a digestive and absorptive organ, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vital immune organ that encompasses roughly 70 % of the total immune cells of the body. As such, the physical, chemical and nutrient composition of the diet influences overall GI function, effectively as an immune organ. With the improvement in feed technology, agro-industrial co-products that are high in fibre have been widely used as a feed ingredient in the diets of pigs and poultry. Arabinoxylan (AX) and mannan are the most abundant hemicellulosic polysaccharides present in cereal grain and co-product ingredients used in the livestock industry. When monogastric animals consume diets containing high amounts of AX and mannans, stimulation of GI immune cells may occur. This involves the activation of several cellular and molecular pathways of the immune system and requires a considerable amount of energy and nutrients to be expended by the animal, which may ultimately influence overall health and growth performance of animals. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of AX and mannan in immune modulation will be helpful in modulating untoward GI immune responses, thereby minimising nutrient and energy expenditure toward this effort. This review will summarise pertinent research on the role of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides containing AX and mannans in immune modulation in order to preserve gut integrity.
除了作为消化和吸收器官的功能外，胃肠道（GI）也是一个重要的免疫器官，包含了大约 70%的全身免疫细胞。因此，饮食的物理、化学和营养成分会影响整体 GI 功能，有效地影响免疫器官。随着饲料技术的提高，富含纤维的农业副产品已被广泛用作猪和家禽饲料中的饲料成分。阿拉伯木聚糖（AX）和甘露聚糖是谷物和畜牧业中使用的副产品成分中含量最丰富的半纤维素多糖。当单胃动物食用含有大量 AX 和甘露聚糖的饮食时，可能会刺激 GI 免疫细胞。这涉及到免疫系统的几个细胞和分子途径的激活，需要动物消耗大量的能量和营养物质，这可能最终会影响动物的整体健康和生长性能。因此，更好地了解 AX 和甘露聚糖在免疫调节中的作用将有助于调节不良的 GI 免疫反应，从而最小化为此而消耗的营养物质和能量。本文综述了含有 AX 和甘露聚糖的低聚糖和多糖在免疫调节中维持肠道完整性的相关研究。
