University of Illinois, Department of Animal Sciences, Urbana 61801, USA.
Poult Sci. 2012 Sep;91(9):2241-54. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02189.
Fermentable carbohydrates may enhance the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to defend against a pathogenic infection. We hypothesized that a galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex would positively affect immune status and prevent colonization and shedding in Salmonella typhimurium-infected chicks. Using a completely randomized design, 1-d-old commercial broiler chicks (n = 240 chicks; 4 replications/treatment; 5 chicks/replication) were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments differing in concentration of GGMO-AX (0, 1, 2, or 4%) or containing 2% Safmannan or 2% short-chain fructooligosaccharides. Cellulose was used to make diets iso-total dietary fiber. On d 10 posthatch, an equal number of chicks on each diet were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (sham control) or Salmonella typhimurium (1 × 10(8) cfu). All birds were euthanized on d 10 postinoculation (PI) for collection of intestinal contents and select tissues. Body weight gain and feed intake of chicks were greater (P < 0.05) in infected chicks PI for all time periods, except for weight gain on d 0 to 3 PI. Gain:feed was affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with Safmannan-fed chicks having the highest G:F and 1% GGMO-AX-fed chicks having the lowest. The GGMO-AX substrate demonstrated effects similar to a prebiotic substrate as indicated by increased cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, decreased cecal pH, and increased populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. as dietary GGMO-AX concentration increased. Excreta Salmonella typhimurium populations on d 5 and 10 PI, and ileal and cecal Salmonella typhimurium populations, tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by the main effect of diet. Messenger RNA expression of IFN-γ in the cecal tonsils was the only cytokine independently affected by infection and diet (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 2 and 4% GGMO-AX had similar expressions of IFN-γ and IL-1β, regardless of infection, suggesting that Salmonella typhimurium virulence was suppressed. Dietary supplementation with GGMO-AX resulted in prebiotic-like effects but did not limit Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization or shedding, but possibly decreased the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium within the digestive tract.
可发酵碳水化合物可能增强胃肠道抵抗病原感染的能力。我们假设半乳甘露寡糖-阿拉伯木聚糖（GGMO-AX）复合物将积极影响免疫状态，并防止鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染雏鸡的定植和脱落。使用完全随机设计，1 日龄商业肉鸡雏鸡（240 只雏鸡；4 个重复/处理；5 只雏鸡/重复）被分配到 6 种不同 GGMO-AX 浓度（0、1、2 或 4%）或含有 2% Safmannan 或 2%短链果聚糖的饮食处理之一。纤维素用于使饮食等总膳食纤维。在孵化后第 10 天，每个饮食组的相同数量的雏鸡接种磷酸盐缓冲盐水（假对照）或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（1×10（8）cfu）。所有鸟类在接种后第 10 天（PI）处死，用于收集肠道内容物和选择组织。感染雏鸡的体重增加和饲料摄入量在所有时间点均较高（P<0.05），但在第 0 至 3 PI 的体重增加除外。增重：饲料受到饮食的影响（P<0.05），Safmannan 喂养的雏鸡的 G:F 最高，而 1% GGMO-AX 喂养的雏鸡的 G:F 最低。随着 GGMO-AX 底物浓度的增加，GGMO-AX 底物表现出类似于益生元底物的效果，这表现为盲肠短链脂肪酸浓度增加、盲肠 pH 值降低以及乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌属的数量增加。在第 5 和 10 PI 时粪便中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌数量以及回肠和盲肠中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌数量，受饮食的主要影响（P<0.10）的趋势影响。回肠扁桃体中 IFN-γ的信使 RNA 表达是唯一受感染和饮食独立影响的细胞因子（P<0.01）。无论感染与否，喂食 2%和 4% GGMO-AX 的雏鸡的 IFN-γ和 IL-1β表达相似，这表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力受到抑制。GGMO-AX 的膳食补充没有限制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肠道定植或脱落，但可能降低了消化道内鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力。
