Guerrero-Pinedo Fernando, Ochoa-Zárate Laura, Salazar Camilo J, Carrillo-Gómez Diana Cristina, Paulo Manuel, Flórez-Elvira Liliana Janeth, Velasquez-Noreña Jorge Guillermo
Internal Medicine Department, Cardiology Service, Vascular Intervention Unit, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
Health Science Faculty, Icesi University, Cali, Colombia.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jun 17;8:2050312120932703. doi: 10.1177/2050312120932703. eCollection 2020.
The traditional cardiovascular risk factors associated with coronary artery disease in individuals younger than 55 years old was determined in this study.
A retrospective, paired case-control study comprised of patients younger than 55 years old who were admitted to the hospital due to acute coronary syndrome with coronary artery disease from 2011 to 2016. There were two controls per case, paired by age, gender, admission date, and health insurance. Data from patients were collected, such as sociodemographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, and drug therapy information. A conditional logistic regression model was created to evaluate the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease.
There were 171 cases and 342 controls included in the study. The median age was 49 years, with a predominance of male gender (80.12%). Nearly 66% of cases had at least one traditional cardiovascular risk factor. The most common risk factors were obesity (57.31%), arterial hypertension (45.62%), and smoking (28.97%). Independent risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients younger than 55 years were arterial hypertension (odds ratio, 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-4.20; p = 0.001) and smoking (odds ratio, 7.15; 95% confidence interval, 3.19-15.99; p = 0.00). No significant association between diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease in the global group (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence innterval, 0.91-4.58; p = 0.083) was found.
For patients younger than 55 years, with a theoretically lower risk of coronary artery disease due to their age, having one or several traditional risk factors (smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes mellitus) confers an increased risk of coronary artery disease regardless of age.
本研究确定了55岁以下个体中与冠状动脉疾病相关的传统心血管危险因素。
一项回顾性配对病例对照研究，研究对象为2011年至2016年因急性冠状动脉综合征合并冠状动脉疾病入院的55岁以下患者。每个病例有两个对照，按年龄、性别、入院日期和医疗保险进行配对。收集患者的数据，如社会人口学信息、心血管危险因素和药物治疗信息。建立条件逻辑回归模型以评估传统心血管危险因素与冠状动脉疾病之间的关联。
本研究纳入171例病例和342例对照。中位年龄为49岁，男性占主导（80.12%）。近66%的病例至少有一项传统心血管危险因素。最常见的危险因素是肥胖（57.31%）、动脉高血压（45.62%）和吸烟（28.97%）。55岁以下患者冠状动脉疾病的独立危险因素是动脉高血压（比值比，2.52；95%置信区间，1.48 - 4.20；p = 0.001）和吸烟（比值比，7.15；95%置信区间，3.19 - 15.99；p = 0.00）。在总体人群中未发现糖尿病与冠心病之间存在显著关联（比值比，2.04；95%置信区间，0.91 - 4.58；p = 0.083）。
对于55岁以下的患者，理论上因其年龄患冠状动脉疾病的风险较低，但无论年龄大小，有一个或几个传统危险因素（吸烟、动脉高血压、血脂异常或糖尿病）都会增加患冠状动脉疾病的风险。
