Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA70808, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Oct;23(14):2501-2511. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000889. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
This study examined psychological constructs (delay discounting, grit, future time perspective and subjective social status) in relation to food security status and body weight.
A simultaneous triangulation mixed methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected in fifty-six adults. Independent variables included food security status (food secure or food insecure) and BMI category (normal weight or overweight/obese). Participants, matched on race (African American and White), were categorised into four food security status by BMI category groups. Psychological constructs were measured via validated questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected in a subsample of twelve participants via in-depth interviews.
This study was conducted in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
The sample was 66 % female and 48 % African American with a mean age of 32·3 (sd 9·2) years and BMI of 28·8 (sd 7·7) kg/m2.
Quantitative results showed that food-insecure participants with overweight/obesity had greater delay discounting (-3·78 v. -6·16, P = 0·01; -3·78 v. -5·75, P = 0·02) and poorer grit (3·37 v. 3·99, P = 0·02; 3·37 v. 4·02, P = 0·02 ) than their food-secure counterparts and food-insecure participants with normal weight. Food-insecure participants with overweight/obesity also had a shorter time period for financial planning (0·72 v. 4·14, P = 0·02) than food-secure participants with normal weight. Qualitative data largely supported quantitative findings with participants discussing varied perceptions of psychological constructs.
This study found differences in delaying gratification, grit and financial planning between food security status and body weight groups.
本研究考察了心理结构（延迟折扣、坚毅、未来时间视角和主观社会地位）与食物保障状况和体重的关系。
采用同时三角混合方法设计收集定量和定性数据。在 56 名成年人中收集定量数据。自变量包括食物保障状况（有保障或无保障）和 BMI 类别（正常体重或超重/肥胖）。根据 BMI 类别，将参与者（按种族分为非裔美国人和白人）分为四组有保障的食物状态。通过验证过的问卷测量心理结构。通过深度访谈，从一个亚组中收集定性数据。
本研究在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日进行。
样本中 66%为女性，48%为非裔美国人，平均年龄 32.3（9.2）岁，BMI 为 28.8（7.7）kg/m2。
定量结果显示，超重/肥胖的食物无保障参与者的延迟折扣更高（-3.78 比-6.16，P=0.01；-3.78 比-5.75，P=0.02），坚毅程度更低（3.37 比 3.99，P=0.02；3.37 比 4.02，P=0.02），比食物有保障的对应者和体重正常的食物无保障参与者差。超重/肥胖的食物无保障参与者的财务规划时间也更短（0.72 比 4.14，P=0.02），比食物有保障的体重正常参与者短。定性数据在很大程度上支持了定量发现，参与者讨论了对心理结构的不同看法。
本研究发现食物保障状况和体重组之间在延迟满足、坚毅和财务规划方面存在差异。
