在生理餐挑战后，与禁食相比，危地马拉成年人的宏量营养素、能量和胆汁酸代谢途径发生改变。

Macronutrient, Energy, and Bile Acid Metabolism Pathways Altered Following a Physiological Meal Challenge, Relative to Fasting, among Guatemalan Adults.

机构信息

Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;150(8):2031-2040. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa169.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxaa169

PMID:32597983

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7398776/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The healthy human metabolome, including its physiological responses after meal consumption, remains incompletely understood. One major research gap is the limited literature assessing how human metabolomic profiles differ between fasting and postprandial states after physiological challenges.

OBJECTIVES

Our study objective was to evaluate alterations in high-resolution metabolomic profiles following a standardized meal challenge, relative to fasting, in Guatemalan adults.

METHODS

We studied 123 Guatemalan adults without obesity, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or comorbidities. Every participant received a standardized meal challenge (520 kcal, 67.4 g carbohydrates, 24.3 g fat, 8.0 g protein) and provided blood samples while fasting and at 2 h postprandial. Plasma samples were assayed by high-resolution metabolomics with dual-column LC [C18 (negative electrospray ionization), hydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC, positive electrospray ionization)] coupled to ultra-high-resolution MS. Associations between metabolomic features and the meal challenge timepoint were assessed in feature-by-feature multivariable linear mixed regression models. Two algorithms (mummichog, gene set enrichment analysis) were used for pathway analysis, and P values were combined by the Fisher method.

RESULTS

Among participants (62.6% male, median age 43.0 y), 1130 features (C18: 777; HILIC: 353) differed between fasting and postprandial states (all false discovery rate-adjusted q < 0.05). Based on differing C18 features, top pathways included: tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), primary bile acid biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism (all Pcombined < 0.05). Mass spectral features included: taurine and cholic acid in primary bile acid biosynthesis; and fumaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid in the TCA. HILIC features that differed in the meal challenge reflected linoleic acid metabolism (Pcombined < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Energy, macronutrient, and bile acid metabolism pathways were responsive to a standardized meal challenge in adults without cardiometabolic diseases. Our findings reflect metabolic flexibility in disease-free individuals.

摘要

背景

健康人体的代谢组学，包括其在餐后的生理反应，仍不完全清楚。一个主要的研究空白是，评估人类代谢组学在经历生理挑战后的空腹和餐后状态下的差异的文献有限。

目的

我们的研究目的是评估在没有肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征或合并症的危地马拉成年人中，标准化餐挑战后高分辨率代谢组学谱的变化。

方法

我们研究了 123 名没有肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征或合并症的危地马拉成年人。每个参与者都接受了标准化的餐挑战（520 卡路里，67.4 克碳水化合物，24.3 克脂肪，8.0 克蛋白质），并在空腹和餐后 2 小时提供血液样本。通过高分辨率代谢组学与双柱 LC [C18（负电喷雾电离），亲水相互作用 LC（HILIC，正电喷雾电离）]与超高效分辨率 MS 联用进行血浆样本分析。在特征多元线性混合回归模型中评估代谢特征与餐挑战时间点之间的关联。两种算法（mummichog、基因集富集分析）用于途径分析，Fisher 方法合并 P 值。

结果

在参与者中（62.6%为男性，中位年龄 43.0 岁），1130 种特征（C18：777；HILIC：353）在空腹和餐后状态之间存在差异（所有经错误发现率校正的 q 值<0.05）。基于不同的 C18 特征，顶级途径包括：三羧酸循环（TCA）、初级胆汁酸生物合成和亚油酸代谢（所有 P 值均合并<0.05）。质谱特征包括：初级胆汁酸生物合成中的牛磺酸和胆酸；以及 TCA 中的富马酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸。在餐挑战中存在差异的 HILIC 特征反映了亚油酸代谢（P 值合并<0.05）。