Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Feb 16;23(3):600-604. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa114.
Waterpipe use remains popular among youth with the availability of flavored shisha tobacco being one of the main drivers of waterpipe use. Although waterpipe mainstream toxicant emissions are well understood, less is known about the carryover of flavorants such as vanillin, benzaldehyde, and eugenol. In this study, flavored waterpipe tobacco was analyzed for flavorants and nicotine, and subsequent carryover to mainstream smoke.
Flavorants vanillin, benzaldehyde, and eugenol, and nicotine were quantified in vanilla-, cherry-, and cinnamon-flavored shisha tobacco by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and subsequently in waterpipe mainstream smoke generated by a smoking machine. The setup allowed for sampling before and after the water-filtration step.
Flavorant and nicotine content in smoke was reduced 3- to 10-fold and 1.4- to 3.1-fold, respectively, due to water filtration. Per-puff content of filtered waterpipe mainstream smoke ranged from 13 to 46 µg/puff for nicotine and from 6 to 55 µg/puff for flavorants.
Although water filtration reduced flavor and nicotine content in waterpipe mainstream smoke, the detected flavorant concentrations were similar or higher to those previously reported in e-cigarette aerosol. Therefore, users could be drawn to waterpipes due to similar flavor appeal as popular e-cigarette products. Absolute nicotine content of waterpipe smoke was lower than in e-cigarette aerosol, but the differential use patterns of waterpipe (>100 puffs/session) and e-cigarette (mostly <10 puffs/session, multiple session throughout the day) probably result in higher flavorant and nicotine exposure during a waterpipe session. Strategies to reduce youth introduction and exposure to nicotine via waterpipe use may consider similar flavor restrictions as those for e-cigarettes.
Although waterpipe mainstream smoke is well characterized for toxicants content, little is known about carryover of molecules relevant for appeal and addiction: flavorants and nicotine. This study shows that flavorant content of waterpipe mainstream smoke is comparable or higher than e-cigarette aerosol flavorant content. Regulatory action to address tobacco use behaviors targeting the availability of flavors should also include other tobacco products such as flavored shisha tobacco.
水烟管的使用在年轻人中仍然很流行，而调味水烟烟草的可获得性是水烟管使用的主要驱动因素之一。尽管已经很好地了解了水烟管主流毒物的排放情况，但对于香草醛、苯甲醛和丁香酚等香料的转移情况了解较少。在这项研究中，分析了香草味、樱桃味和肉桂味水烟烟草中的香料和尼古丁，并随后分析了水烟管主流烟雾中的香料转移情况。
通过气相色谱/火焰离子化检测器定量测定香草醛、苯甲醛和丁香酚以及尼古丁的含量，然后通过吸烟机生成的水烟管主流烟雾进行定量测定。该装置允许在水过滤前后进行采样。
由于水过滤，烟雾中的香料和尼古丁含量分别降低了 3 到 10 倍和 1.4 到 3.1 倍。经过过滤的水烟管主流烟雾的每口含量范围为尼古丁 13 至 46 微克/口，香料 6 至 55 微克/口。
尽管水过滤降低了水烟管主流烟雾中的香料和尼古丁含量，但检测到的香料浓度与之前报道的电子烟气溶胶中的浓度相似或更高。因此，由于与流行的电子烟产品相似的口味吸引力，用户可能会被水烟管所吸引。水烟管烟雾中的尼古丁含量低于电子烟气溶胶，但由于水烟管的使用模式（每次>100 口，一天多次）与电子烟（每次<10 口，一天多次）不同，因此在水烟管吸烟期间可能会暴露于更高的香料和尼古丁。为了减少年轻人通过水烟管使用尼古丁的引入和暴露，可能需要考虑类似的电子烟限制策略。
尽管已经很好地描述了水烟管主流烟雾中的毒物含量，但对于与吸引力和成瘾相关的分子的转移情况了解甚少：香料和尼古丁。本研究表明，水烟管主流烟雾中的香料含量与电子烟气溶胶中的香料含量相当或更高。针对口味可用性来解决烟草使用行为的监管行动也应包括其他烟草产品，如调味水烟烟草。
