Holt J C Miller, Mayer-Helm B, Gafner J, Zierlinger M, Hirn C, Paschke T, Eilenberger G, Kuba M, Pummer S, Charriere M
JT International SA, Geneva, Switzerland.
Oekolab Gesellschaft Fuer Umweltanalytik Ges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria.
Toxicol Rep. 2022 Apr 22;9:945-950. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.022. eCollection 2022.
Waterpipe, also known as hookah, narghile or narghila, shisha or hubbly bubbly, is a tobacco-smoking device. Waterpipe tobacco is heated and consumed by a process of inhaling tobacco smoke, that bubbles through water before being inhaled. To date, limited studies have examined the transfer of waterpipe additives from tobacco to smoke. This study was designed to investigate the filtration ability of water in the waterpipe's bowl to define exposure to additives in waterpipe smoke, which is an essential requirement to perform toxicological risk assessments of waterpipe additives. Within this study, a standard smoking protocol (ISO 22486) was used to evaluate the transfer of > 40 additives from experimental and commercially available samples. These results are the first to provide such an extensive dataset of information showing transfer rates varying between 6% and 61% depending on the additive. Various physicochemical parameters of the additives including water solubility, partition coefficient, molecular weight, boiling point, and vapor pressure were also evaluated to seek to identify any correlation to transfer rate that may be later used to predict transfer. The amount of additive transfer from waterpipe tobacco to the smoke was found to be moderately correlated to vapor pressure (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.33) with subsequent multivariate analysis using step-wise selection indicating 39% of the transfer rate variance can be explained collectively by the additive boiling point, molecular weight, vapor pressure and water solubility. These findings underscore the complexity of additive transfer and highlight the necessity of exposure assessment for meaningful waterpipe additive risk assessments.
水烟管，也被称为水烟袋、纳吉拉水烟筒、水烟壶或泡泡烟，是一种吸食烟草的器具。水烟烟草通过吸入烟草烟雾的过程被加热并吸食，烟雾在被吸入前会通过水冒泡。迄今为止，仅有有限的研究考察了水烟添加剂从烟草向烟雾的转移情况。本研究旨在调查水烟管烟碗中的水的过滤能力，以确定水烟烟雾中添加剂的暴露情况，这是对水烟添加剂进行毒理学风险评估的一项基本要求。在本研究中，采用了标准吸烟方案（ISO 22486）来评估40多种添加剂从实验样品和市售样品中的转移情况。这些结果首次提供了如此广泛的信息数据集，表明转移率因添加剂而异，在6%至61%之间。还评估了添加剂的各种物理化学参数，包括水溶性、分配系数、分子量、沸点和蒸气压，以试图确定与转移率的任何相关性，这些相关性稍后可用于预测转移情况。发现水烟烟草中添加剂向烟雾的转移量与蒸气压呈中度相关（皮尔逊相关系数 = 0.33），随后使用逐步选择法进行的多变量分析表明，添加剂的沸点、分子量、蒸气压和水溶性可共同解释39%的转移率差异。这些发现强调了添加剂转移的复杂性，并突出了进行暴露评估对于有意义的水烟添加剂风险评估的必要性。
