Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States.
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States.
Adv Mar Biol. 2020;86(1):141-169. doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2020.01.001. Epub 2020 May 21.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly being used to document species distributions and habitat use in marine systems, with much of the recent effort focused on leveraging advances in next-generation DNA sequencing to assess and track biodiversity across taxonomic groups. Environmental DNA offers a number of important advantages over traditional survey techniques, including non-invasive sampling, sampling where traditional approaches are impractical or inefficient (e.g. deep oceans), reduced cost, and increased detection sensitivity. However, eDNA applications are currently limited because of an insufficient understanding of the influence of sample source, analytical approach, and marker type on eDNA detections. Because approaches vary considerably among eDNA studies, we present a summary of the current state of the field and emerging best practices. The impact of observed variation in rates of eDNA production, persistence, and transport are also discussed and future research needs are highlighted with the goal of expanding eDNA applications, including the development of statistical models to improve the predictability of eDNA detection and quantification.
环境 DNA（eDNA）正越来越多地被用于记录海洋系统中的物种分布和栖息地利用情况，最近的研究重点主要集中在利用下一代 DNA 测序技术来评估和跟踪分类群的生物多样性上。与传统的调查技术相比，环境 DNA 具有许多重要的优势，包括非侵入性采样、传统方法不切实际或效率低下的采样地点（例如深海）、降低成本以及提高检测灵敏度。然而，由于对样本来源、分析方法和标记类型对 eDNA 检测的影响了解不足，因此 eDNA 的应用目前受到限制。由于 eDNA 研究之间的方法差异很大，我们总结了该领域的现状和新兴的最佳实践。还讨论了观察到的 eDNA 产生、持久性和运输速率变化的影响，并强调了未来的研究需求，旨在扩大 eDNA 的应用范围，包括开发统计模型来提高 eDNA 检测和定量的可预测性。
