Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1250:15-31. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_2.
Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) from mammalian tissues and organs are particularly interesting as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration when considering their ability to retain chemical compositions and three-dimensional (3D) microstructures that are similar to native ECMs. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different decellularization methods that use various agents, such as ionic and nonionic detergents and biological enzymes. The applications of dECMs as scaffolds or hydrogels for tissue engineering of specific tissues including heart valves, blood vessels, and skin, as well as their performance in vitro and in vivo, are also discussed. In addition, whole organ regeneration (i.e., the heart, kidney, liver) using dECM scaffolds has been explored, which are able to recapitulate partial functions of native organs.
去细胞细胞外基质（dECM）来源于哺乳动物组织和器官，当其保留了与天然细胞外基质相似的化学成分和三维（3D）微观结构时，特别适合作为组织工程和再生的支架。本综述讨论了使用各种试剂（如离子和非离子去污剂和生物酶）的不同去细胞化方法的优缺点。还讨论了 dECM 作为支架或水凝胶在组织工程中的应用，包括心脏瓣膜、血管和皮肤等特定组织，以及它们在体外和体内的性能。此外，还探索了使用 dECM 支架进行整个器官再生（即心脏、肾脏、肝脏），这些支架能够再现天然器官的部分功能。
