Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 6, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel.
Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 26;21(12):4565. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124565.
Each follicle represents the basic functional unit of the ovary. From its very initial stage of development, the follicle consists of an oocyte surrounded by somatic cells. The oocyte grows and matures to become fertilizable and the somatic cells proliferate and differentiate into the major suppliers of steroid sex hormones as well as generators of other local regulators. The process by which a follicle forms, proceeds through several growing stages, develops to eventually release the mature oocyte, and turns into a corpus luteum (CL) is known as "folliculogenesis". The task of this review is to define the different stages of folliculogenesis culminating at ovulation and CL formation, and to summarize the most recent information regarding the newly identified factors that regulate the specific stages of this highly intricated process. This information comprises of either novel regulators involved in ovarian biology, such as , Phoenixin/GPR73, C1QTNF, and α-SNAP, or recently identified members of signaling pathways previously reported in this context, namely PKB/Akt, HIPPO, and Notch.
每个卵泡代表卵巢的基本功能单位。从其最初的发育阶段开始，卵泡由一个被体细胞包围的卵母细胞组成。卵母细胞生长并成熟，变得可受精，而体细胞增殖并分化为类固醇性激素的主要供应者，以及其他局部调节剂的产生者。卵泡形成的过程经历了几个生长阶段，最终发育成熟并释放出成熟的卵母细胞，然后变成黄体（CL），这个过程被称为“卵泡发生”。本综述的任务是定义卵泡发生的不同阶段，最终导致排卵和 CL 形成，并总结最近关于调节这一高度复杂过程特定阶段的新发现的因素的信息。这些信息包括参与卵巢生物学的新型调节剂，如 Phoenixin/GPR73、C1QTNF 和 α-SNAP，或者最近在该背景下鉴定的信号通路的成员，即 PKB/Akt、HIPPO 和 Notch。
