Richard Aude, Müller Laura, Wisniak Ania, Thiabaud Amaury, Merle Thibaut, Dietrich Damien, Paolotti Daniela, Jeannot Emilien, Flahault Antoine
Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Jun 27;8(3):343. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030343.
Implemented in Switzerland in November 2016, Grippenet provides Internet-based participatory surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI). The aim of this research is to test the feasibility of such a system and its ability to detect risk factors and to assess ILI-related behaviors. Participants filled in a web-based socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire upon registration, and a weekly symptoms survey during the influenza season. ILI incidence was calculated weekly, and risk factors associated to ILI were analyzed at the end of each season. From November 2016 to May 2019, 1247 participants were included. The crossing of the Sentinel System (Sentinella) epidemic threshold was associated with an increase or decrease of Grippenet ILI incidence, within the same week or earlier. The number of active users varied according to ILI incidence. Factors associated with ILI were: ages 0-4 compared with 5-14 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.99), 15-29 (AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.60), and 65+ (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.93); female sex (male AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.7-0.95); respiratory allergies (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38-1.96), not being vaccinated (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.04); and self-employment (AOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33-3.03). Vaccination rates were higher than those of the general population but not high enough to meet the Swiss recommendations. Approximately, 36.2% to 42.5% of users who reported one or more ILIs did not seek medical attention. These results illustrate the potential of Grippenet in complementing Sentinella for ILI monitoring in Switzerland.
Grippenet于2016年11月在瑞士实施，提供基于互联网的流感样疾病（ILI）参与式监测。本研究的目的是测试这样一个系统的可行性及其检测风险因素和评估ILI相关行为的能力。参与者在注册时填写一份基于网络的社会人口统计学和行为问卷，并在流感季节期间每周进行一次症状调查。每周计算ILI发病率，并在每个季节结束时分析与ILI相关的风险因素。2016年11月至2019年5月，共纳入1247名参与者。哨兵系统（Sentinella）的流行阈值交叉与Grippenet ILI发病率在同一周或更早时间的增加或减少相关。活跃用户数量根据ILI发病率而变化。与ILI相关的因素有：0-4岁与5-14岁相比（调整后的优势比（AOR）为0.6，95%置信区间（CI）为0.19-0.99），15-29岁（AOR为0.29，95%CI为0.15-0.60），以及65岁及以上（AOR为0.38，95%CI为0.16-0.93）；女性（男性AOR为0.81，95%CI为0.7-0.95）；呼吸道过敏（AOR为1.58，95%CI为1.38-1.96），未接种疫苗（AOR为2.4，95%CI为1.9-3.04）；以及个体经营（AOR为1.97，95%CI为1.33-3.03）。疫苗接种率高于普通人群，但仍未高到足以满足瑞士的建议。报告有一例或多例ILI的用户中，约36.2%至42.5%未寻求医疗帮助。这些结果说明了Grippenet在瑞士补充Sentinella进行ILI监测方面的潜力。
