Tishkevich Daria, Grabchikov Sergey, Zubar Tatiana, Vasin Denis, Trukhanov Sergei, Vorobjova Alla, Yakimchuk Dmitry, Kozlovskiy Artem, Zdorovets Maxim, Giniyatova Sholpan, Shimanovich Dmitriy, Lyakhov Dmitry, Michels Dominik, Dong Mengge, Gudkova Svetlana, Trukhanov Alex
Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Cryogenic Research Department, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Jun 27;10(6):1245. doi: 10.3390/nano10061245.
Bi nanocrystalline films were formed from perchlorate electrolyte (PE) on Cu substrate via electrochemical deposition with different duration and current densities. The microstructural, morphological properties, and elemental composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The optimal range of current densities for Bi electrodeposition in PE using polarization measurements was demonstrated. For the first time, it was shown and explained why, with a deposition duration of 1 s, co-deposition of Pb and Bi occurs. The correlation between synthesis conditions and chemical composition and microstructure for Bi films was discussed. The analysis of the microstructure evolution revealed the changing mechanism of the films' growth from pillar-like (for Pb-rich phase) to layered granular form (for Bi) with deposition duration rising. This abnormal behavior is explained by the appearance of a strong Bi growth texture and coalescence effects. The investigations of porosity showed that Bi films have a closely-packed microstructure. The main stages and the growth mechanism of Bi films in the galvanostatic regime in PE with a deposition duration of 1-30 s are proposed.
通过在不同持续时间和电流密度下进行电化学沉积，在铜基板上由高氯酸盐电解质（PE）形成了铋纳米晶薄膜。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和能量色散X射线微分析（EDX）研究了其微观结构、形态特性和元素组成。通过极化测量证明了在PE中铋电沉积的最佳电流密度范围。首次展示并解释了为什么在沉积持续时间为1秒时会发生铅和铋的共沉积。讨论了铋薄膜的合成条件与化学成分及微观结构之间的相关性。微观结构演变分析揭示了随着沉积持续时间增加，薄膜从柱状（富铅相）生长为层状颗粒状（铋）的生长变化机制。这种异常行为通过强铋生长织构和聚结效应的出现来解释。孔隙率研究表明铋薄膜具有紧密堆积的微观结构。提出了在沉积持续时间为1 - 30秒的PE中恒电流模式下铋薄膜的主要生长阶段和生长机制。
