Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Instituttveien 18, PO Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 30;10(1):10655. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67620-3.
In the beginning of April 2020, large fires that started in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) established after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 caused media and public concerns about the health impact from the resuspended radioactivity. In this paper, the emissions of previously deposited radionuclides from these fires are assessed and their dispersion and impact on the population is examined relying on the most recent data on radioactive contamination and emission factors combined with satellite observations. About 341 GBq of Cs, 51 GBq of Sr, 2 GBq of Pu, 33 MBq of Pu, 66 MBq of Pu and 504 MBq of Am were released in 1st-22nd April 2020 or about 1,000,000,000 times lower than the original accident in 1986 and mostly distributed in Central and East Europe. The large size of biomass burning particles carrying radionuclides prevents long-range transport as confirmed by concentrations reported in Europe. The highest cumulative effective doses (> 15 μSv) were calculated for firefighters and the population living in the CEZ, while doses were much lower in Kiev (2-5 μSv) and negligible in Belarus, Russia and Europe. All doses are radiologically insignificant and no health impact on the European population is expected from the April 2020 fires.
2020 年 4 月初，1986 年切尔诺贝利事故后建立的切尔诺贝利隔离区（CEZ）发生大火，引发了媒体和公众对放射性物质再悬浮造成的健康影响的关注。在本文中，评估了这些火灾中先前沉积的放射性核素的排放情况，并依靠放射性污染和排放因子的最新数据以及卫星观测，研究了它们的分散和对人口的影响。2020 年 4 月 1 日至 22 日，约有 341GBq 的 Cs、51GBq 的 Sr、2GBq 的 Pu、33MBq 的 Pu、66MBq 的 Pu 和 504MBq 的 Am 被释放，比 1986 年最初的事故释放量低约 10 亿倍，主要分布在中欧和东欧。携带放射性核素的生物质燃烧颗粒的大尺寸阻止了远距离传输，这一点已被欧洲报告的浓度所证实。消防员和 CEZ 居民的累积有效剂量最高（>15μSv），而在基辅的剂量要低得多（2-5μSv），在白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和欧洲则可以忽略不计。所有剂量在放射性上都是微不足道的，预计 2020 年 4 月的火灾不会对欧洲人口造成健康影响。
