Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jul;26(21):21511-21523. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05451-0. Epub 2019 May 24.
Radionuclides Cs and Sr and total beta activity were determined from air filters collected in Rovaniemi (Finnish Lapland) in 1965-2011. Nuclear contamination sources present in the air filter samples as well as temporal changes in radionuclide concentrations were examined. Ozone observations and meteorological modeling were used in combination with radionuclide analyses to study the reasons behind the observed seasonal concentration variation. In general, the magnitude and variation in activity concentrations of Cs and Sr and total beta activity in the surface air of Rovaniemi in 1965-2011 corresponded well with values from other countries. However, the obtained results prove in practice that hardly any refractory or intermediate radionuclides from the destroyed Chernobyl reactor fuel were introduced to Finnish Lapland. The main source of Cs and Sr and total beta activity in the surface air of Rovaniemi in 1965-2011 has been intense atmospheric nuclear weapon testing in 1950s-1960s and later tests performed in 1965-1980, as well as leakages from underground nuclear tests in Semipalatinsk, 1966, and Novaya Zemlya, 1987. For Cs and total beta activity, the influence of Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents was detected.
从 1965 年至 2011 年，在罗瓦涅米（芬兰拉普兰）收集的空气过滤器中测定了放射性核素 Cs 和 Sr 以及总 β 活度。检查了空气过滤器样品中的核污染来源以及放射性核素浓度的时间变化。臭氧观测和气象建模与放射性核素分析结合使用，研究了观察到的季节性浓度变化背后的原因。总体而言，1965 年至 2011 年罗瓦涅米地表空气中 Cs 和 Sr 以及总 β 活度的浓度及其变化幅度与其他国家的值非常吻合。但是，所获得的结果实际上证明，几乎没有任何来自切尔诺贝利反应堆燃料的难熔或中间放射性核素被引入芬兰拉普兰。1965 年至 2011 年罗瓦涅米地表空气中 Cs 和 Sr 以及总 β 活度的主要来源是 20 世纪 50 年代至 60 年代期间的强烈大气核武器试验以及随后在 1965 年至 1980 年进行的试验，以及 1966 年塞米巴拉金斯克和 1987 年新地岛地下核试验的泄漏。对于 Cs 和总 β 活度，检测到了切尔诺贝利和福岛事故的影响。
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