Boehm Alexandria B, Wang Dan, Ercumen Ayse, Shea Meghan, Harris Angela R, Shanks Orin C, Kelty Catherine, Ahmed Alvee, Mahmud Zahid Hayat, Arnold Benjamin F, Chase Claire, Kullmann Craig, Colford John M, Luby Stephen P, Pickering Amy J
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2016 Nov 8;3(11):393-398.
We evaluated whether provision and promotion of improved sanitation hardware (toilets and child feces management tools) reduced rotavirus and human fecal contamination of drinking water, child hands, and soil among rural Bangladeshi compounds enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial. We also measured host-associated genetic markers of ruminant and avian feces. We found evidence of widespread ruminant and avian fecal contamination in the compound environment; non-human fecal marker occurrence scaled with animal ownership. Strategies for controlling non- human fecal waste should be considered when designing interventions to reduce exposure to fecal contamination in low-income settings. Detection of a human- associated fecal marker and rotavirus was rare and unchanged by provision and promotion of improved sanitation to intervention compounds. The sanitation intervention reduced ruminant fecal contamination in drinking water and general (non-host specific) fecal contamination in soil but overall had limited effects on reducing fecal contamination in the household environment.
我们评估了在一项整群随机试验中，提供和推广改良卫生设施硬件（厕所和儿童粪便管理工具）是否能减少孟加拉国农村社区饮用水、儿童手部和土壤中的轮状病毒及人类粪便污染。我们还检测了与反刍动物和禽类粪便相关的宿主基因标记。我们发现社区环境中存在广泛的反刍动物和禽类粪便污染；非人类粪便标记物的出现与动物饲养量成正比。在设计干预措施以减少低收入环境中粪便污染暴露时，应考虑控制非人类粪便废物的策略。在干预社区中，提供和推广改良卫生设施后，与人类相关的粪便标记物和轮状病毒的检出率很低且没有变化。卫生干预措施减少了饮用水中的反刍动物粪便污染以及土壤中的一般（非宿主特异性）粪便污染，但总体上对减少家庭环境中的粪便污染效果有限。
