Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Jul 1;15(7):e0235436. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235436. eCollection 2020.
Modern psychological theories postulate that individual differences in prejudice are determined by social and ideological attitudes instead of personality. For example, the dual-process motivational (DPM) model argues that personality does not directly associate with prejudice when controlling for the attitudinal variables that capture the authoritarian-conservatism motivation and the dominance motivation. Previous studies testing the DPM model largely relied on convenience samples and/or European samples, and have produced inconsistent results. Here we examined the extent to which anti-black prejudice was associated with the Big Five personality traits and social and ideological attitudes (authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, political party affiliation) in two large probability samples of the general population (N1 = 3,132; N2 = 2,483) from the American National Election Studies (ANES). We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the causal assumptions between the latent variables and used survey weights to generate estimates that were representative of the population. Different from prior theories, across both datasets we found that two personality traits, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were directly associated with anti-black prejudice when controlling for authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political party affiliation. We also found that a substantial part of the associations between personality traits and anti-black prejudice were mediated through those social and ideological attitudes, which might serve as candidates for prejudice-reduction interventions in the real world.
现代心理学理论假设，偏见的个体差异是由社会和意识形态态度决定的，而不是由个性决定的。例如，双过程动机（DPM）模型认为，在控制捕获威权保守主义动机和支配动机的态度变量时，个性与偏见没有直接关联。之前测试 DPM 模型的研究主要依赖于方便样本和/或欧洲样本，并且产生了不一致的结果。在这里，我们在来自美国全国选举研究（ANES）的两个大型概率总体样本（N1=3132；N2=2483）中，考察了反黑偏见与大五人格特质以及社会和意识形态态度（威权主义、社会支配取向、政党归属）之间的关联程度。我们进行了结构方程建模（SEM）来测试潜在变量之间的因果假设，并使用调查权重生成具有代表性的人口估计值。与先前的理论不同，在两个数据集上，我们发现，在控制威权主义、社会支配取向和政党归属后，两个人格特质，宜人性和尽责性，与反黑偏见直接相关。我们还发现，人格特质与反黑偏见之间的大部分关联都是通过这些社会和意识形态态度来介导的，这些态度可能是现实世界中减少偏见干预措施的候选者。
