Departments of1Neurosurgery.
2Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, and.
Neurosurg Focus. 2020 Jul;49(1):E2. doi: 10.3171/2020.4.FOCUS20185.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a way for the brain to interface directly with a computer. Many different brain signals can be used to control a device, varying in ease of recording, reliability, stability, temporal and spatial resolution, and noise. Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes provide a highly reliable signal from the human brain surface, and these signals have been used to decode movements, vision, and speech. ECoG-based BCIs are being developed to provide increased options for treatment and assistive devices for patients who have functional limitations. Decoding ECoG signals in real time provides direct feedback to the patient and can be used to control a cursor on a computer or an exoskeleton. In this review, the authors describe the current state of ECoG-based BCIs that are approaching clinical viability for restoring lost communication and motor function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or tetraplegia. These studies provide a proof of principle and the possibility that ECoG-based BCI technology may also be useful in the future for assisting in the cortical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke.
脑机接口（BCI）提供了一种大脑与计算机直接交互的方式。许多不同的脑信号可以被用来控制设备，其区别在于记录的难易程度、可靠性、稳定性、时间和空间分辨率以及噪声。皮层脑电图（ECoG）电极从人脑表面提供了一种高度可靠的信号，这些信号已被用于解码运动、视觉和语言。基于 ECoG 的 BCI 正在被开发，以提供更多的治疗和辅助设备选择，为那些有功能限制的患者提供帮助。实时解码 ECoG 信号为患者提供直接反馈，并可用于控制计算机上的光标或外骨骼。在这篇综述中，作者描述了目前基于 ECoG 的 BCI 正在接近临床可行性，用于恢复肌萎缩侧索硬化症或四肢瘫痪患者失去的沟通和运动功能。这些研究提供了一个原理证明，并且基于 ECoG 的 BCI 技术在未来也可能对辅助中风患者的皮质康复有用。
