Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 29;17(13):4685. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134685.
(1) Background. Defeat and entrapment have been highlighted as major risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior. Nevertheless, little is known about their short-term variability and their longitudinal association in real-time. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether defeat and entrapment change over time and whether defeat predicts entrapment as stated by the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. (2) Methods. Healthy participants ( 61) underwent a 7-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) on suicidal ideation/behavior and relevant risk factors, including defeat and entrapment and a comprehensive baseline (T0) and post (T2) assessment. (3) Results. Mean squared successive differences (MSSD) and intraclass correlations (ICC) support the temporal instability as well as within-person variability of defeat and entrapment. Multilevel analyses revealed that during EMA, defeat was positively associated with entrapment at the same measurement. However, defeat could not predict entrapment to the next measurement (approximately two hours later). (4) Conclusion. This study provides evidence on the short-term variability of defeat and entrapment highlighting that repeated measurement of defeat and entrapment-preferably in real time-is necessary in order to adequately capture the actual empirical relations of these variables and not to overlook significant within-person variability. Further research-especially within clinical samples-seems warranted.
（1）背景：失败和困窘被强调为自杀意念和行为的主要风险因素。然而，人们对它们在短时间内的可变性及其在实时中的纵向关联知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在探讨失败和困窘是否会随时间而变化，以及失败是否如自杀行为的综合动机-意志模型所述，预测困窘。（2）方法：健康参与者（61 人）接受了为期 7 天的基于智能手机的生态瞬间评估（EMA），评估自杀意念/行为及相关风险因素，包括失败和困窘，以及全面的基线（T0）和后测（T2）评估。（3）结果：均方连续差异（MSSD）和组内相关系数（ICC）支持失败和困窘的时间不稳定和个体内变异性。多层次分析表明，在 EMA 期间，失败与同一测量点的困窘呈正相关。然而，失败并不能预测下一次测量（大约两个小时后）的困窘。（4）结论：本研究提供了关于失败和困窘的短期可变性的证据，强调为了充分捕捉这些变量的实际经验关系，而不会忽略重要的个体内变异性，需要对失败和困窘进行重复测量——最好是实时测量。进一步的研究——特别是在临床样本中——似乎是必要的。
