Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2019 Dec;49(6):1560-1572. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12547. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
The study examines the temporal stability of capability for suicide (i.e., its state-like component), because it has been recently discussed that capability for suicide may be subject to shift over time.
Seventy-four psychiatric inpatients with an unipolar depressive disorder were included in the study (mean age 37.9 years, 71.6% female, 32.4% with a history of suicide attempt). After a baseline assessment with several self-report questionnaires, ecological momentary assessments were applied over six consecutive days using smartphones. Capability for suicide was rated with three items once a day. For daily capability for suicide, descriptive and variability statistics and associations with baseline clinical characteristics (depression, suicidal ideation, childhood maltreatment, and history of suicide attempt) were analyzed. The prospective association of daily level of active suicidal ideation and daily capability was investigated by multilevel analysis.
Indicators of within-person variability and temporal instability supported considerable fluctuation in daily capability for suicide. Yet the degree of temporal instability showed individual differences. Baseline and daily suicidal ideation were positively associated with daily fearlessness about death and perceived capability.
The results provide first evidence that capability for suicide includes a dynamic short-term component that is linked to clinical variables such as suicidal ideation.
本研究考察了自杀能力的时间稳定性（即其状态成分），因为最近有人讨论称自杀能力可能会随时间推移而发生变化。
本研究纳入了 74 名患有单相抑郁症的住院精神病人（平均年龄 37.9 岁，71.6%为女性，32.4%有自杀未遂史）。在使用智能手机进行为期 6 天的连续日常评估之前，对他们进行了多项自我报告问卷的基线评估。每天使用三个项目对自杀能力进行一次评估。对于每日自杀能力，分析了描述性和变异性统计数据以及与基线临床特征（抑郁、自杀意念、儿童期虐待和自杀未遂史）的关联。通过多层分析研究了每日主动自杀意念和每日能力的前瞻性关联。
个体内变异性和时间不稳定性的指标支持每日自杀能力的显著波动。然而，时间不稳定性的程度存在个体差异。基线和每日自杀意念与每日对死亡的无畏感和感知能力呈正相关。
研究结果首次提供了证据，表明自杀能力包括一个与临床变量（如自杀意念）相关的动态短期成分。
