Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil.
Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias-Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(30):3768-3777. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211912.
In addition to the endothelium, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been described to be involved in the local modulation of vascular function by synthetizing and releasing vasoactive factors. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has anticontractile and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in the context of hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes, the PVAT pattern of anticontractile adipokines is altered, favoring oxidative stress, inflammation and, consequently, vascular dysfunction. Therefore, dysfunctional PVAT has become a target for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic diseases. An increasing number of studies have revealed sex differences in PVAT morphology and in the modulatory effects of PVAT on endothelial function and vascular tone. Moreover, distinct mechanisms underlying PVAT dysfunction may account for vascular abnormalities in males and females. Therefore, targeting sex-specific mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases is an evolving strategy for cardiovascular protection.
除了内皮细胞，血管周脂肪组织（PVAT）也被描述为通过合成和释放血管活性因子参与局部血管功能的调节。在生理条件下，PVAT 具有抗收缩和抗炎作用。然而，在高血压、肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的情况下，PVAT 的抗收缩脂肪因子模式发生改变，导致氧化应激、炎症，进而导致血管功能障碍。因此，功能失调的 PVAT 已成为治疗代谢性心血管疾病的靶点。越来越多的研究揭示了 PVAT 形态以及 PVAT 对内皮功能和血管张力的调节作用存在性别差异。此外，PVAT 功能障碍的不同机制可能是男性和女性血管异常的原因。因此，针对心血管疾病中 PVAT 功能障碍的特定性别机制是心血管保护的一种新兴策略。
