Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 1;741:140330. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140330. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Environmental exposure to bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters has received considerable attention due to the ubiquitous occurrence of these contaminants in the environment and their potential adverse health effects. The occurrence of bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters is well established in human populations, but data is scarce for wildlife, and especially for raptors (birds of prey, falcons and owls). In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenols and five benzophenone UV filters were determined in six raptor tissues, including muscle, kidney, liver, brain, preen gland (uropygial gland) and adipose. The tissue samples (n = 44) were taken from dead raptor species (1997-2011), including Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus, n = 2) and long-eared owls (Asio otus, n = 2), both from France, and white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla, n = 16) from Greenland. Overall, six bisphenols and four benzophenone UV filters were found in the samples. Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), benzophenone-8 (BzP-8) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BzP) were the most abundant contaminants, accounting for median concentrations of 67.5, 3.01, 27.1 and 9.70 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), respectively. The potential role of the preen gland as a major excretory organ for bisphenols and benzophenone UV filters was suggested since the median sum concentration of the two contaminant classes in the white-tailed eagle tissues showed higher bioaccumulation potential in the preen gland (5.86 ng/g w.w.) than the liver (2.92) and kidney (0.71). The concentrations of these contaminants in the tissues of the three raptor species indicated a pattern of increasing detection rates and median concentrations with an increase of the species size and their expected trophic position. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first peer-reviewed study to document multiresidues of both contaminant classes in raptor tissues.
由于双酚类和苯并三唑紫外线滤光剂在环境中无处不在，以及它们可能对健康造成的不良影响，这些污染物受到了相当大的关注。双酚类和苯并三唑紫外线滤光剂在人类群体中的存在已得到充分证实，但在野生动物，特别是猛禽（猛禽、猎鹰和猫头鹰）中，数据却很少。在这项研究中，在六种猛禽组织（肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、大脑、尾脂腺（尾脂腺）和脂肪）中测定了八种双酚类和五种苯并三唑紫外线滤光剂的浓度。组织样本（n=44）取自 1997-2011 年死亡的猛禽物种（包括欧亚雀鹰（Accipiter nisus，n=2）和长耳猫头鹰（Asio otus，n=2），均来自法国，以及来自格陵兰岛的白头海雕（Haliaeetus albicilla，n=16）。总体而言，在样本中发现了六种双酚类和四种苯并三唑紫外线滤光剂。双酚 A（BPA）、双酚 F（BPF）、苯并三唑-8（BzP-8）和 4-羟基苯并三唑（4-OH-BzP）是最丰富的污染物，分别占湿重（w.w.）中位数浓度的 67.5、3.01、27.1 和 9.70ng/g。尾脂腺作为双酚类和苯并三唑紫外线滤光剂的主要排泄器官的潜在作用被认为是由于两种污染物类别在白头海雕组织中的总和浓度显示出在尾脂腺中的生物积累潜力更高（5.86ng/g w.w.），而不是肝脏（2.92）和肾脏（0.71）。这三种猛禽物种组织中的这些污染物浓度表明，随着物种大小和预期营养位置的增加，检测率和中位数浓度呈增加趋势。据我们所知，这是首次在猛禽组织中记录这两类污染物残留的同行评审研究。
