School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 3;10(1):10980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67839-0.
Universal vaccination coverage is still far from desired targets in many global regions including Pakistan, despite the success stories and its scientifically proven benefits. EPI Pakistan vaccination coverage data 2012-2016, at district level was collected from Federal EPI Pakistan. District-wise population data were collected from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics and sequence plots were performed in SPSS 13.0. Purely spatial scanning analysis was done in SaTScan 9.4.4 using discrete Poisson model for detection of low vaccination coverage clusters. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to display spatial patterns and clusters of low vaccination coverage districts in Pakistan. Average annual EPI vaccination coverage in each study year were; 70.98 in 2012, 69.39% in 2013, 66.74% in 2014, 61.47% in 2015, and 67.01% in 2016, respectively. Cumulative average national vaccination rate (2012-2016) for all types of EPI vaccines was 60.60%. Average national vaccination rate for BCG, OPV3, pentavalent3 and measles1 was 67.12%, 58.53%, 58.47%, and 58.29%, respectively. Spatial cluster analysis demonstrated that most of low coverage districts for BCG, OPV3 and pentavalent3 were from FATA and KPK; while measles1 low coverage districts belonged to Balochistan. Future research should probe factors involved in low vaccination coverage in high risk districts.
在包括巴基斯坦在内的许多全球地区，尽管有成功案例和经过科学验证的益处，但全民疫苗接种覆盖率仍远未达到目标。2012-2016 年，联邦 EPI 巴基斯坦从联邦 EPI 巴基斯坦收集了地区一级的 EPI 疫苗接种覆盖率数据。从巴基斯坦统计局收集了按地区划分的人口数据。在 SPSS 13.0 中进行了描述性统计和序列图。使用离散泊松模型在 SaTScan 9.4.4 中进行了纯粹的空间扫描分析，以检测低疫苗接种覆盖率集群。地理信息系统（GIS）用于显示巴基斯坦低疫苗接种覆盖率地区的空间模式和集群。每个研究年度的平均年度 EPI 疫苗接种覆盖率分别为：2012 年为 70.98%，2013 年为 69.39%，2014 年为 66.74%，2015 年为 61.47%，2016 年为 67.01%。所有类型的 EPI 疫苗的累计全国平均疫苗接种率（2012-2016 年）为 60.60%。BCG、OPV3、五价疫苗 3 和麻疹疫苗 1 的全国平均疫苗接种率分别为 67.12%、58.53%、58.47%和 58.29%。空间聚类分析表明，BCG、OPV3 和五价疫苗 3 的低覆盖率地区主要来自 FATA 和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省；而麻疹疫苗 1 的低覆盖率地区属于俾路支省。未来的研究应该探讨高风险地区低疫苗接种率涉及的因素。
