Department of Psychological Science.
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Apr;30(2):220-234. doi: 10.1037/pha0000443. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Behavior change interventions that incentivize desired behavior are highly effective for improving personal health, but difficult to maintain long term. Relapse is common and examining the mechanisms that contribute to relapse in experimental settings can identify processes relevant to substance abuse treatment. We developed a laboratory task that parallels a recent operant model of relapse after incentivized choice reported in the rodent laboratory. In two experiments, undergraduate participants first learned to make an operant response (keyboard button; R1) to earn a reinforcer consisting of an image of a preferred snack food (O1). In a second phase (Phase 2), R1 was still reinforced, but a new response (R2) was introduced and reinforced with a different reinforcer (a coin; O2). In a test phase, contingent incentives for R2 were removed (extinction) and relapse of R1 was assessed. Experiment 1 found that the O2 contingency suppressed R1 during Phase 2, and R1 relapsed rapidly in the test. Neither effect was consistently related to O2 value. Experiment 2 examined whether noncontingent presentations of O1 or O2 during the test could weaken relapse. Here, we found that noncontingent reinforcers did little to reduce or slow the increase in R1 responding. The present experiments highlight a laboratory approach to studying variables that may influence relapse after incentivized treatment. We identify and discuss areas for development to address differences between the present results and prior observations from animal and clinical studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
激励期望行为的行为改变干预措施对于改善个人健康非常有效，但难以长期维持。复发很常见，在实验环境中研究导致复发的机制可以确定与物质滥用治疗相关的过程。我们开发了一种实验室任务，该任务类似于最近在啮齿动物实验室中报告的激励选择后复发性操作模型。在两项实验中，本科参与者首先学习进行操作性反应（键盘按钮；R1）以赚取由喜欢的零食图像组成的强化物（O1）。在第二阶段（阶段 2），R1 仍然得到强化，但引入了新的反应（R2）并用不同的强化物（硬币；O2）进行强化。在测试阶段，取消了 R2 的 contingent 奖励（消退），并评估了 R1 的复发。实验 1 发现，O2 条件在阶段 2 期间抑制了 R1，并且 R1 在测试中迅速复发。这两个效果都与 O2 值没有一致的关系。实验 2 检查了在测试期间非 contingent 的呈现 O1 或 O2 是否可以减弱复发。在这里，我们发现非 contingent 的强化物对减少或减缓 R1 反应的增加作用不大。本实验强调了一种研究激励治疗后可能影响复发的变量的实验室方法。我们确定并讨论了需要发展的领域，以解决与动物和临床研究中的先前观察结果之间的差异。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
