The association of waist-to-height ratio and other anthropometric measurements with subclinical atherosclerosis: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

To compare the performance of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and Body-mass index (BMI) with subclinical atherosclerosis.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The association of quintiles of anthropometric variables (1st as reference) - Odds ratio (OR); 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) - with Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC: 0 vs. >0; <100 vs. ≥100), Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT: <75th vs. ≥P75%) and as continuous variables in linear regression models in 4216 participants of ELSA-Brasil baseline. WHtR was associated with CAC >0 (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.16-2.93) and ≥100 after multivariate adjustment including BMI. WHR was associated with CAC >0 OR, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.25-2.82) and ≥100. BMI was not associated with CAC after further adjustment for WHtR, but was associated with CAC >0 after adjustment for WHR (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02-1.94) or WC (1.63; 95% CI, 1.03-2.59). WHtR was not associated with CIMT after further adjustment for BMI. WHR was associated with CIMT ≥P75% (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02-2.02) and in linear models (p < 0.0001). WC was associated with CIMT in linear models (p < 0.0001). BMI was associated to CIMT ≥P75% (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.53-2.54); and in linear models (P < 0.0001) after further adjustment for WHtR. After adjustment for WHR and WC the association of BMI with CIMT ≥P75% was respectively (OR 2.31; 95% CI, 1.70-3.13; and OR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.55-3.70); and in both linear models (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

WHtR was a good biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis measured by CAC while BMI was a good biomarker for CIMT. WHR presented the best performance being associated with both biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis.