Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100054, China.
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Nov;259:127452. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127452. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as metal three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a new technology offering design freedom to create complex structures that has found increasing applications in industrial processes. However, due to the fine metal powders and high temperatures involved, the printing process is likely to generate particulate matter (PM) that has a detrimental impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, comprehensive assessement of the exposure and health hazards of PM pollution related to this technique is urgently required. This review provides general knowledge of metal AM and its possible particle release. The health issues of metal PM are described considering the exposure routes, adverse human health outcomes and influencing factors. Methods of evaluating PM exposure and risk assessment techniques are also summarized. Lastly, future research needs are suggested. The information and knowledge presented in this review will contribute to the understanding, assessment, and control of possible risks in metal AM and benefit the wider metal 3D printing community, which includes machine operators, consumers, R&D scientists, and policymakers.
金属增材制造（AM），又称金属三维（3D）打印，是一种提供设计自由度以创建复杂结构的新技术，在工业过程中得到了越来越多的应用。然而，由于涉及精细的金属粉末和高温，打印过程可能会产生对环境和人体健康有害的颗粒物（PM）。因此，迫切需要对与该技术相关的 PM 污染的暴露和健康危害进行全面评估。
本综述提供了金属 AM 的一般知识及其可能的颗粒释放。考虑到暴露途径、对人类健康的不良影响和影响因素，描述了金属 PM 的健康问题。还总结了 PM 暴露评估方法和风险评估技术。最后，提出了未来的研究需求。
本综述中呈现的信息和知识将有助于理解、评估和控制金属 AM 中的潜在风险，并使更广泛的金属 3D 打印社区受益，包括机器操作员、消费者、研发科学家和政策制定者。
