在整个光固化增材制造过程中接触颗粒和气体的可能性。
Potential for Exposure to Particles and Gases throughout Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Processes.
作者信息
Bowers Lauren N, Stefaniak Aleksandr B, Knepp Alycia K, LeBouf Ryan F, Martin Stephen B, Ranpara Anand C, Burns Dru A, Virji M Abbas
机构信息
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
出版信息
Buildings (Basel). 2022 Aug;12(8). doi: 10.3390/buildings12081222.
Vat photopolymerization (VP), a type of additive manufacturing process that cures resin to build objects, can emit potentially hazardous particles and gases. We evaluated two VP technologies, stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), in three separate environmental chambers to understand task-based impacts on indoor air quality. Airborne particles, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and/or specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored during each task to evaluate their exposure potential. Regardless of duration, all tasks released particles and organic gases, though concentrations varied between SLA and DLP processes and among tasks. Maximum particle concentrations reached 1200 #/cm and some aerosols contained potentially hazardous elements such as barium, chromium, and manganese. TVOC concentrations were highest for the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) rinsing, soaking, and drying post-processing tasks (up to 36.8 mg/m), lowest for the resin pouring pre-printing, printing, and resin recovery post-printing tasks (up to 0.1 mg/m), and intermediate for the curing post-processing task (up to 3 mg/m). Individual VOCs included, among others, the potential occupational carcinogen acetaldehyde and the immune sensitizer 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (pouring, printing, recovery, and curing tasks). Careful consideration of all tasks is important for the development of strategies to minimize indoor air pollution and exposure potential from VP processes.
光固化增材制造(VP)是一种通过固化树脂来制造物体的增材制造工艺,它可能会释放潜在有害的颗粒和气体。我们在三个独立的环境舱中评估了两种VP技术,即立体光刻(SLA)和数字光处理(DLP),以了解基于任务的操作对室内空气质量的影响。在每个任务过程中监测空气中的颗粒、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和/或特定挥发性有机化合物(VOC),以评估其暴露风险。无论持续时间如何,所有任务都会释放颗粒和有机气体,尽管SLA和DLP工艺以及不同任务之间的浓度有所不同。最大颗粒浓度达到1200#/cm,一些气溶胶含有潜在有害元素,如钡、铬和锰。异丙醇(IPA)冲洗、浸泡和干燥后处理任务的TVOC浓度最高(可达36.8mg/m),树脂灌注预打印、打印和树脂回收后处理任务的TVOC浓度最低(可达0.1mg/m),固化后处理任务的TVOC浓度居中(可达3mg/m)。个别VOC包括潜在的职业致癌物乙醛和免疫致敏剂甲基丙烯酸2-羟丙酯(灌注、打印、回收和固化任务)。仔细考虑所有任务对于制定策略以尽量减少VP工艺产生的室内空气污染和暴露风险非常重要。
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